[WHO guidance on non-nutritive sweeteners - A critical analysis]

The use of non-sugar sweeteners (NSS) has gained prominence as an alternative to reduce free sugar consumption, aligning with global efforts to combat the growing prevalence of non-communicable diseases (NCDs). By providing sweetness without caloric energy, NSS are viewed as potential tools in addressing diet-related health challenges. However, their long-term effects on health remain contentious, especially within the medical community. In 2023, the World Health Organization (WHO) released guidelines evaluating the role of NSS in promoting healthy eating, preventing weight gain, and mitigating NCDs. While some studies highlight benefits, such as lower body weight and reduced energy intake, the evidence is inconclusive. Observational research predominantly raises concerns about potential risks associated with NSS, but these studies face limitations, including biases and confounding variables that hinder causal conclusions. This analysis underscores the urgent need for comprehensive, high-quality research to clarify the risks and benefits of NSS. Current evidence is limited in scope and fails to address critical knowledge gaps, particularly regarding their long-term implications for the general population and individuals with NCDs. Expanding the scientific understanding of NSS is essential to inform public health recommendations and clinical guidelines effectively.