Integration of novel artificial intelligence tools in pediatric urologic practice

There has been an explosion of creative uses of artificial intelligence (AI) in healthcare, with AI being touted as a solution for many problems facing the healthcare system. This review focuses on tools currently available to pediatric urologists, previews up-and-coming technologies, and highlights the latest studies investigating benefits and limitations of AI in practice.

Imaging-driven AI software and clinical prediction tools are two of the more exciting applications of AI for pediatric urologists. As nuanced pattern recognition improves in trained computer models, pediatric urologists will be able to better counsel and risk stratify patients with chronic diseases and surgical needs. AI is also being extensively used in product development for enuresis treatment. Large language models such as ChatGPT continue to be of strong interest as a patient-facing education tool, but it lacks the accuracy needed to serve as a suitable alternative to human response.

AI is increasingly investigated for use across healthcare fields, including pediatric urology. Use of AI and machine learning (ML) is being explored for patient interface, imaging assessment, outcomes prediction, and product development. Though still in preclinical stages for most systems, ML presents as a promising new clinical tool with potential to shape healthcare systems and medical practice.