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Updated: May 23, 2025

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Periodontitis and Platelets Status: A Systematic Review With Meta-Analysis and Trial Sequential Analysis.

Dimitris Sokos1, Marja L Laine1, Elena A Nicu2

  • 1Department of Periodontology Academic Center for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.

Journal of Periodontal Research
|March 11, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Patients with periodontitis show higher platelet counts (PC) but not mean platelet volume (MPV). This systematic review synthesizes evidence on platelet status in periodontitis, suggesting a link between gum disease and increased platelet activity.

Keywords:
periodontal diseasesplatelet activationplatelet countplatelet volume

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Area of Science:

  • Hematology and Immunology
  • Periodontology and Oral Health
  • Cardiovascular Health

Background:

  • Platelets are crucial for hemostasis, thrombosis, and immune responses.
  • Platelet function alterations may influence immune reactions to dental biofilm and cardiovascular health.
  • The relationship between periodontitis and platelet status/activity requires further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review observational studies on platelet status and activity in periodontitis patients.
  • To compare platelet count (PC) and mean platelet volume (MPV) between individuals with and without periodontitis.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic literature search of MEDLINE-PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane-CENTRAL up to November 2024.
  • Inclusion of observational studies investigating platelet status in periodontitis.
  • Meta-analysis and trial sequential analysis for PC and MPV, with quality assessment (Newcastle-Ottawa scale) and evidence grading (GRADE).

Main Results:

  • 23 studies with 22 variables on platelet status were included.
  • Patients with periodontitis exhibited significantly higher platelet counts (PC) (MD = 23.55 ×10^9/L).
  • No statistically significant difference in mean platelet volume (MPV) was observed; conclusive evidence for PC, but more data needed for MPV.

Conclusions:

  • Moderate certainty exists for slightly higher PC in periodontitis patients.
  • Low certainty for no difference in MPV between groups.
  • Insufficient evidence to establish clear differences in other platelet activation biomarkers.