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CRISPR and crRNAs

CRISPR and crRNAs

Bacteria and archaea are susceptible to viral infections just like eukaryotes; therefore, they have developed a unique adaptive immune system to protect themselves. Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats and CRISPR-associated proteins (CRISPR-Cas) are present in more than 45% of known bacteria and 90% of known archaea.
The CRISPR-Cas system stores a copy of foreign DNA in the host genome and uses it to identify the foreign DNA upon reinfection. CRISPR-Cas has three different...

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Engineered CRISPR/Cas Ribonucleoproteins for Enhanced Biosensing and Bioimaging.

Linxin Cao¹, Zeyuan Wang¹, Chunyang Lei¹

¹State Key Laboratory of Chemo and Biosensing, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecular Chemial Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, Hunan, China.

Analytical Chemistry

|March 11, 2025

Summary

Molecular engineering enhances CRISPR-Cas systems for superior biosensing and bioimaging. This review details strategies for engineering CRISPR-Cas ribonucleoproteins (RNPs) to improve molecular detection and cellular imaging capabilities.

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Area of Science:

Biotechnology
Molecular Biology
Genetics

Background:

CRISPR-Cas systems are programmable nucleic acid-targeting tools.
Natural CRISPR-Cas systems have limitations in analytical performance.
Molecular engineering is crucial for improving CRISPR-Cas capabilities.

Purpose of the Study:

To review advancements in engineering CRISPR-Cas ribonucleoproteins (RNPs).
To enhance functional capabilities for molecular detection and cellular imaging.
To explore strategies for developing advanced CRISPR-Cas RNPs.

Main Methods:

Cas protein engineering via mutagenesis and fusion techniques.
Guide RNA engineering through chemical and structural modifications.
Evaluation of engineered RNPs in biomarker detection and live-cell monitoring.

Main Results:

Engineered CRISPR-Cas RNPs show improved sensitivity for biomarker detection.
Applications include live-cell genomic DNA and RNA monitoring.
Strategies enhance functional capabilities for advanced biosensing and bioimaging.

Conclusions:

CRISPR-Cas RNP engineering is vital for advanced biosensing and bioimaging.
Protein and guide RNA modifications significantly boost performance.
Ongoing research addresses challenges and explores future developments.