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Direct and Volatile Potential Applications of Essential Oils for Post-Harvest Fungal Control.

Ygor G P Osti1, Larissa G R Duarte2, Conny W T Fukuyama1

  • 1Department of Biotechnology, Federal University of São Carlos, Sao Carlos, Brazil.

Chemistry & Biodiversity
|March 11, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Essential oils from plants like oregano show strong antifungal activity against fungi that spoil tropical fruits. Vapor exposure of these natural compounds offers a sustainable alternative to synthetic fungicides for reducing food loss.

Keywords:
Alternaria alternata | antifungal agents | biological activity | Fusarium solani | Lasidiodiplodia theobromae

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Area of Science:

  • Agricultural Science
  • Mycology
  • Food Science

Background:

  • Post-harvest fungal infections cause significant global food loss, impacting food security.
  • Phytopathogenic fungi, such as Lasiodiplodia theobromae, Alternaria alternata, and Fusarium solani, are major contributors to tropical fruit spoilage.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the antifungal potential of essential oils (EOs) from six plant species against key tropical fruit fungal pathogens.
  • To compare the efficacy of direct contact versus vapor-phase application of EOs.

Main Methods:

  • Antifungal activity was assessed using direct contact and volatilization assays.
  • Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) was determined for each EO against target fungi.
  • Scanning electron microscopy visualized the impact of EOs on fungal cell structure.

Main Results:

  • Essential oil from Origanum vulgare (oregano) demonstrated the most potent antifungal activity.
  • Vapor exposure required lower MICs (40–200 µL/L) compared to direct contact (125–500 µL/L) for effective fungal inhibition.
  • EOs exhibited significant disruption of fungal cell morphology.

Conclusions:

  • Essential oils, especially Origanum vulgare, are effective natural agents against post-harvest fungal pathogens of tropical fruits.
  • Vapor-phase application of EOs is a more efficient method for fungal control.
  • These findings support the use of EOs as sustainable alternatives to synthetic fungicides in agriculture.