Dietary Intake and Gut Microbiome in CKD

Area of Science:

• Microbiology
• Nephrology
• Gastroenterology

Background:

• Gut dysbiosis, an imbalance in gut microbiota, is increasingly recognized as a factor in chronic kidney disease (CKD) progression.
• The gut-kidney axis describes the bidirectional communication between the gut and kidneys, where microbial alterations influence systemic inflammation and uremic toxin accumulation, worsening kidney damage.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the role of the gut microbiome and the gut-kidney axis in CKD.
• To explore dietary interventions and emerging microbiome-targeted therapies for managing CKD.
• To identify future research directions for understanding and treating CKD.

Main Methods:

• Literature review focusing on the gut-kidney axis in CKD.
• Analysis of the impact of diet on gut microbiota composition and CKD.
• Examination of novel therapeutic strategies targeting gut dysbiosis and dysmetabolites.

Main Results:

• Diet significantly shapes gut microbiota, influencing CKD progression and associated conditions like cardiovascular disease.
• Microbiota-derived dysmetabolites represent a therapeutic target for reducing uremic and cardiovascular toxicity in CKD.
• Current understanding of the gut-kidney axis is limited, necessitating broader research into diverse microbial communities.

Conclusions:

• Dietary interventions are crucial for managing CKD by modulating the gut microbiome.
• Targeting gut microbiota and their metabolites offers promising therapeutic avenues for CKD.
• Future research should encompass a wider range of microorganisms (fungi, archaea, viruses) for a comprehensive understanding of the gut-kidney axis and personalized CKD treatments.