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Updated: May 23, 2025

Isolation and Direct Neuronal Reprogramming of Mouse Astrocytes

Isolation and Direct Neuronal Reprogramming of Mouse Astrocytes

Published on: July 7, 2022

In Vitro and In Vivo Direct Reprogramming of Astrocytes to Induced-Neurons.

Elsa Papadimitriou¹, Paraskevi N Koutsoudaki^1,2, Irini Thanou¹

¹Neural Stem Cells and Neuroimaging Group, Department of Neurobiology, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, Athens, Greece.

Methods in Molecular Biology (Clifton, N.J.)

|March 11, 2025

Summary

Astrocytes can be reprogrammed into induced neurons (iNs) using miR-124 and ISX9. This method works both in vitro and in vivo, offering a new approach for neuronal regeneration.

Keywords:

Astrocytes Direct reprogramming ISX9 In vivo reprogramming Induced neurons miRNAs

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In Vivo Direct Reprogramming of Resident Glial Cells into Interneurons by Intracerebral Injection of Viral Vectors

Published on: June 17, 2019

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Last Updated: May 23, 2025

Isolation and Direct Neuronal Reprogramming of Mouse Astrocytes

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Published on: July 7, 2022

In vitro Modeling for Neurological Diseases using Direct Conversion from Fibroblasts to Neuronal Progenitor Cells and Differentiation into Astrocytes

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In Vivo Direct Reprogramming of Resident Glial Cells into Interneurons by Intracerebral Injection of Viral Vectors

In Vivo Direct Reprogramming of Resident Glial Cells into Interneurons by Intracerebral Injection of Viral Vectors

Published on: June 17, 2019

Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Stem Cell Biology
Regenerative Medicine

Background:

Astrocytes can be directly reprogrammed into induced neurons (iNs) using transcription factors, miRNAs, or chemical molecules.
Brain-enriched miRNAs are potent reprogramming factors due to their ability to modulate neurogenic factors post-transcriptionally.

Purpose of the Study:

To describe the methodology for in vitro direct reprogramming of mouse astrocytes into iNs.
To present the procedure for in vivo conversion of cortical astrocytes to iNs after injury.

Main Methods:

In vitro reprogramming using forced expression of miR-124 and the chemical compound ISX9.
In vivo reprogramming involving stab wound injury in mice, viral-mediated miR-124 overexpression, and systemic ISX9 administration.

Main Results:

Successful in vitro reprogramming of primary mouse astrocytes into differentiated, functional iNs.
Successful in vivo conversion of activated cortical astrocytes to iNs in the peritraumatic area.

Conclusions:

Direct reprogramming of astrocytes to iNs is feasible using miR-124 and ISX9.
This methodology provides a potential strategy for neuronal repair and regeneration.