Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Changes in the Appendicular Skeleton with Age01:09

Changes in the Appendicular Skeleton with Age

1.8K
The upper and lower limb initially develops as a small bulge called a limb bud, which appears on the lateral side of the early embryo. The upper limb bud appears near the end of the fourth week of development, with the lower limb bud appearing shortly after.
Initially, the limb buds consist of a core of mesenchyme covered by a layer of ectoderm. The ectoderm at the end of the limb bud thickens to form a narrow crest called the apical ectodermal ridge. This ridge stimulates the underlying...
1.8K
Bone Disorders01:29

Bone Disorders

3.4K
Aging and its effect on bone remodeling is the most common cause of bone disorders. In young and healthy people, bone deposition and resorption happen at an equal rate to maintain optimal bone health.
Bone deposition is also affected by the levels of sex hormones like estrogen and testosterone that promote osteoblast activity and bone matrix synthesis. When the level of these hormones decreases due to aging, it causes a reduction in bone deposition. As a result, bone resorption by osteoclasts...
3.4K
Bone Formation by Intramembranous Ossification01:29

Bone Formation by Intramembranous Ossification

5.3K
Intramembranous ossification is one of the two processes involved in the development of bones within an embryo. The flat bones of the face, most of the cranial bones, and the clavicles are formed via this process. During intramembranous ossification, the bones develop directly from sheets of undifferentiated mesenchymal connective tissue.
The process begins when mesenchymal cells in the embryonic skeleton gather together and differentiate into osteogenic cells, which then develop into ...
5.3K
Nature and Nurture01:10

Nature and Nurture

20.3K
Many human characteristics, like height, are shaped by both nature—in other words, by our genes—and by nurture, or our environment. For example, chronic stress during childhood inhibits the production of growth hormones and consequently reduces bone growth and height. Scientists estimate that 70-90% of variation in height is due to genetic differences among individuals, and 10-30% of variation in height is due to differences in the environments that individuals experience,...
20.3K
Introduction to the Skeletal System01:20

Introduction to the Skeletal System

5.2K
The skeletal system is the central framework of the body, consisting of different connective tissues: bones, cartilage, tendons, and ligaments.
Components of the Skeletal System
Bone, or osseous tissue, is a hard connective tissue that forms an internal support structure for the human body. Bones shield vulnerable organs and soft tissue from external forces. For example, the vertebral bones protect and support the spinal cord.
Cartilage, a semi-rigid connective tissue found in regions such as...
5.2K
Bone Formation by Endochondral Ossification01:24

Bone Formation by Endochondral Ossification

3.6K
Bone formation, or ossification, begins around the sixth to seventh week of embryonic development. Most bones develop from a cartilaginous template through the process of endochondral ossification. Cartilage formation begins when clusters of mesenchymal cells differentiate into chondrocytes. These chondrocytes proliferate rapidly and secrete an extracellular matrix that becomes encased in a membrane called the perichondrium. The resulting cartilage model provides a template that resembles the...
3.6K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

The Dysmorphology Unit from 1976 to 1980: Fleeting fellow, deformations, and John Graham.

American journal of medical genetics. Part A·2021
Same journal

A meta-analysis of the effects of Baduanjin training on the human body temperature based on infrared thermography technology.

Medicine·2026
Same journal

The predictive ability of "TyG_CVAI" for incident stroke in individuals with different glycemic metabolic status: A national cohort study.

Medicine·2026
Same journal

Symptoms and quality of life in gynecological cancer patients after surgery: Application of latent profile and network analysis.

Medicine·2026
Same journal

Massive hemoptysis as the initial presentation of Behçet disease complicated by multisite thromboembolism: A case report.

Medicine·2026
Same journal

Dextromethorphan-bupropion-associated pharmacovigilance signals based on the FAERS database: An observational study.

Medicine·2026
Same journal

Effects of Mulligan sustained natural apophyseal glide mobilizations on pain, mobility, and lumbar-related disability in chronic non-specific low back pain: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Medicine·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 23, 2025

Culturing and Measuring Fetal and Newborn Murine Long Bones
06:58

Culturing and Measuring Fetal and Newborn Murine Long Bones

Published on: April 26, 2019

8.1K

Hypothesis: Young infant bone strength is a multifactorial trait.

Marvin Miller1

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, Wright State University Boonshoft School of Medicine, Dayton, OH.

Medicine
|March 11, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Young infant bone strength is multifactorial, not uniform. Previously unrecognized factors like maternal vitamin D deficiency and fetal drug exposure can cause temporary bone fragility, leading to metabolic bone disease of infancy.

More Related Videos

Scanning Skeletal Remains for Bone Mineral Density in Forensic Contexts
07:56

Scanning Skeletal Remains for Bone Mineral Density in Forensic Contexts

Published on: January 29, 2018

17.5K
Author Spotlight: Enhancing Accuracy and Reproducibility in Whole Bone Bending Tests
04:20

Author Spotlight: Enhancing Accuracy and Reproducibility in Whole Bone Bending Tests

Published on: September 1, 2023

728

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 23, 2025

Culturing and Measuring Fetal and Newborn Murine Long Bones
06:58

Culturing and Measuring Fetal and Newborn Murine Long Bones

Published on: April 26, 2019

8.1K
Scanning Skeletal Remains for Bone Mineral Density in Forensic Contexts
07:56

Scanning Skeletal Remains for Bone Mineral Density in Forensic Contexts

Published on: January 29, 2018

17.5K
Author Spotlight: Enhancing Accuracy and Reproducibility in Whole Bone Bending Tests
04:20

Author Spotlight: Enhancing Accuracy and Reproducibility in Whole Bone Bending Tests

Published on: September 1, 2023

728

Area of Science:

  • Pediatrics
  • Orthopedics
  • Neonatology

Background:

  • Infant bone strength is presumed uniform at term, with prematurity as the main known fragility factor.
  • Unexplained infant fractures are often misdiagnosed as child abuse, overlooking potential physiological causes.
  • The Utah Paradigm offers a framework to explore multifactorial bone physiology.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify and evaluate previously unrecognized risk factors for temporary bone fragility in young infants.
  • To challenge the assumption of uniform bone strength in term infants.
  • To differentiate metabolic bone disease of infancy from non-accidental trauma in infants with unexplained fractures.

Main Methods:

  • Application of the Utah Paradigm to analyze cases of young infants with unexplained fractures.
  • Review of clinical data to identify potential risk factors affecting fetal bone development and strength.
  • Correlation of identified risk factors with bone fragility in infants where child abuse is unlikely.

Main Results:

  • Identified multiple risk factors contributing to infant bone fragility, including decreased fetal movement, maternal vitamin D deficiency, fetal drug exposure, prematurity, hypermobile Ehlers Danlos Syndrome, and gestational diabetes mellitus.
  • Demonstrated that infant bone strength is a complex, multifactorial trait.
  • Showed that these factors can explain bone fragility in infants, making child abuse less likely.

Conclusions:

  • Young infant bone strength is influenced by numerous factors beyond prematurity.
  • Metabolic bone disease of infancy is a recently described condition explaining bone fragility in infants with identified risk factors where abuse is unlikely.
  • Re-evaluation of unexplained infant fractures is crucial, considering multifactorial bone fragility.