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Geospatial Clustering of 9-1-1 Responses for Pediatric Firearm Injuries Over Time.

Craig D Newgard1, Susan Malveau1, Amber Lin1

  • 1Center for Policy and Research in Emergency Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon.

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Pediatric firearm injuries show spatial clustering, often occurring in home zip codes. The number of new zip codes identified as pediatric firearm hotspots is increasing annually.

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Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Epidemiology
  • Injury Prevention

Background:

  • Firearm injuries represent a significant public health concern among children and adolescents.
  • Understanding the geographic distribution and temporal trends of these injuries is crucial for targeted interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the spatial clustering of pediatric firearm injuries.
  • To analyze geographic changes over time using national 9-1-1 emergency medical services (EMS) data.
  • To identify high-risk areas (hotspots) for pediatric firearm injuries.

Main Methods:

  • A cross-sectional study utilized national 9-1-1 EMS response data from January 1, 2012, to December 31, 2022.
  • Data included children aged 0-17 years across 50 states, with detailed spatial analysis for 37 states.
  • Spatial clustering was assessed, including injury location relative to home zip codes and identification of new hotspots.

Main Results:

  • Over 10.5 million 9-1-1 EMS responses were analyzed, with 26,101 (0.25%) related to firearm injuries.
  • A significant proportion of pediatric firearm injuries occurred within the child's home zip code (80.9% for children, 69.7% for adolescents).
  • Approximately 40.5% of injuries in children and 51.5% in adolescents occurred in clustered areas, with an increasing number of new clustered zip codes identified annually.

Conclusions:

  • Pediatric firearm injuries exhibit significant spatial clustering, frequently occurring in residential areas.
  • The geographic extent of pediatric firearm injury hotspots is expanding, indicated by the emergence of new clustered zip codes.
  • Findings underscore the need for geographically targeted prevention strategies to address pediatric firearm violence.