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Cranial Bones: Lateral View

Cranial Bones: Lateral View

The lateral view of the cranium is dominated by temporal, sphenoid, and ethmoid bones.
The temporal bone forms the lower lateral side of the skull. The temporal bone is subdivided into several regions. The flattened upper portion is the squamous portion of the temporal bone. Below this area and projecting anteriorly is the zygomatic process of the temporal bone, which forms the posterior portion of the zygomatic arch. Posteriorly is the mastoid portion of the temporal bone. Projecting...

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The superior view of the cranium shows the frontal and paired parietal bones.
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Tooth Anatomy

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 23, 2025

Author Spotlight: Three-Dimensional Cephalometric Landmark Annotation Demonstration on Human Cone Beam Computed Tomography Scans

Author Spotlight: Three-Dimensional Cephalometric Landmark Annotation Demonstration on Human Cone Beam Computed Tomography Scans

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What about anterior endocrowns?

Madeline Archer¹

¹Edinburgh Dental Institute Paediatric Department 39x Lauriston Building, Edinburgh, UK. madeline.archer@nhs.scot.

Evidence-Based Dentistry

|March 12, 2025

Summary

Endocrown restorations show comparable mechanical performance to conventional crowns in anterior teeth, offering a viable option when fracture is a concern. Further research is recommended for definitive case selection.

Area of Science:

Dental Materials Science
Restorative Dentistry
Biomaterials Engineering

Background:

Endodontically treated teeth (ETT) often require restorations to regain function and aesthetics.
Conventional crowns and endocrowns are common restorative options for anterior ETT.
Assessing the mechanical performance of these restorations is crucial for long-term clinical success.

Purpose of the Study:

To systematically review and perform a network meta-analysis (NMA) comparing the mechanical performance of anterior endocrowns to conventional crown systems on ETT.
To evaluate fracture resistance and risk of irreparable fracture for different restorative approaches.

Main Methods:

A comprehensive systematic search of six electronic databases was conducted, supplemented by manual reference list searches.

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Last Updated: May 23, 2025

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Studies comparing anterior endocrowns with other restorations on ETT were included, focusing on mechanical performance.

Two independent NMAs were performed using load-to-fracture data and irreparable fracture data, with risk of bias assessment.

Main Results:

Teeth restored with Glass Fibre Post (GFP) and composite crown exhibited the highest load-to-fracture values.
Composite endocrowns demonstrated the lowest risk of irreparable fracture compared to GFP ceramic crowns.
Endocrowns showed comparable mechanical performance to other systems, but with a high risk of bias noted.

Conclusions:

Endocrowns represent a potentially viable restorative option for anterior ETT, particularly when mechanical fracture is a clinical consideration.
Their mechanical performance in laboratory and model scenarios is comparable to conventional restorative systems.
Further research is warranted to refine case selection criteria due to limitations and high risk of bias in current studies.