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Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a noninvasive medical imaging technique based on a phenomenon of nuclear physics discovered in the 1930s, in which matter exposed to magnetic fields and radio waves was found to emit radio signals. In 1970, a physician and researcher named Raymond Damadian noticed that malignant (cancerous) tissue gave off different signals than normal body tissue. He applied for a patent for the first MRI scanning device in clinical use by the early 1980s. The early MRI...
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Brain imaging technologies provide critical insights into both the structure and function of the human brain, enabling medical professionals and researchers to diagnose, study, and treat neurological disorders or psychiatric disorders more effectively.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 23, 2025

Brain Infarct Segmentation and Registration on MRI or CT for Lesion-symptom Mapping
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MRI R2* captures inflammation in disconnected brain structures after stroke: a translational study.

Ismail Koubiyr1,2, Takayuki Yamamoto3, Laurent Petit4

  • 1Univ. Bordeaux, INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, Bordeaux F-33000, France.

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|March 12, 2025
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Summary

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) R2* changes detect iron accumulation and inflammation in brain regions disconnected by ischemic stroke. This finding offers a new non-invasive method to assess stroke-induced remote brain effects.

Keywords:
MRIdisconnectioninflammationstroketranslational

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Radiology
  • Pathology

Background:

  • Ischemic strokes disrupt brain networks, causing remote effects in critical regions like the thalamus.
  • Non-invasive methods to quantify these remote consequences are needed.
  • Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-derived R2* changes may indicate iron accumulation and inflammation secondary to stroke-induced disconnection.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To demonstrate that MRI-derived R2* changes can capture iron accumulation linked with inflammation secondary to stroke-induced disconnection.
  • To establish a link between remote R2* changes and stroke-induced disconnection.
  • To explore the biological underpinnings of remote R2* changes.

Main Methods:

  • Secondary analysis of 156 stroke patients undergoing MRI at baseline and 1-year follow-up.
  • Mapping of fibers disconnected by infarcts to compare R2* changes in thalamic nuclei based on disconnectivity.
  • Translational mouse model (110 mice) with focal cortical infarcts or sham procedures, analyzed with in vivo MRI, histology, qPCR, mass spectrometry, and ex vivo diffusion tensor imaging.

Main Results:

  • Stroke patients showed increased R2* in disconnected thalamic nuclei from baseline to 1 year; no change was observed in connected regions.
  • Baseline disconnectivity status independently predicted follow-up R2* values.
  • Mouse models recapitulated increased R2* in disconnected thalamic nuclei, peaking at 2 weeks and correlating with later atrophy.
  • Remote R2* increases in mice correlated with increased iron load in activated microglial cells.

Conclusions:

  • MRI-derived R2* is a sensitive marker of inflammation secondary to network disconnection after stroke.
  • This finding provides a non-invasive method to assess remote brain effects post-stroke.
  • Potential to inform future neuroprotective strategies targeting remote brain regions.