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Pulmonary Tuberculosis IV01:26

Pulmonary Tuberculosis IV

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Tuberculosis, more commonly referred to as TB, is an infectious disease stemming from Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While it primarily impacts the lungs, TB can also affect other body areas. Given its severity and global impact, timely and accurate diagnosis is crucial for controlling its spread and improving patient outcomes.
Several diagnostic approaches are used to detect TB. The conventional method is the Tuberculin Skin Test (TST), also known as the Mantoux test. However, this method has...
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Tuberculosis (TB) is a contagious infection primarily affecting the lung parenchyma but which can also affect other body parts. TB can be classified based on disease development, presentation, and the affected anatomical site.
The first classification is based on the development of the disease, and it includes the following categories:
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Pulmonary Tuberculosis V01:28

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Medical management of tuberculosis (TB) patients involves a comprehensive approach that includes diagnosis, treatment, and monitoring. The specific strategies can vary depending on the type of tuberculosis (latent or active), the patient's overall health status, and other considerations.
Latent tuberculosis infection occurs when TB bacteria are present in a person's body, but are not causing illness or symptoms. It is not contagious, and preventive treatment is crucial to avoid the...
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Tuberculosis, or TB, is a bacterial infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While its primary impact is on the lungs, leading to pulmonary tuberculosis, it can also affect various other organs, a condition referred to as extrapulmonary tuberculosis.
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Tuberculosis, often called TB, is a contagious illness primarily caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It mainly affects the lung parenchyma but can also impact other body parts.
Causative Organism
The primary infectious agent causing tuberculosis is Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a slow-growing, acid-fast, aerobic rod that exhibits sensitivity to heat and ultraviolet light. Instances of Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium avium contributing to the development of TB infection are rare.
Mode of...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 23, 2025

Substernal Thyroid Biopsy Using Endobronchial Ultrasound-guided Transbronchial Needle Aspiration
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Primary Thyroid Tuberculosis Diagnosed with CBNAAT.

R Abishek1, Gaveshna Gargi2, Amit Saini1

  • 1Department of Otolaryngology, Dr RKGMC, Hamirpur, H.P India.

Indian Journal of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery : Official Publication of the Association of Otolaryngologists of India
|March 12, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Primary tuberculosis of the thyroid is rare in India. Diagnosis requires high clinical suspicion, as symptoms mimic other thyroid conditions. This case highlights early diagnosis using cartridge-based nucleic acid amplification testing (CBNAAT) via fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC).

Keywords:
CBNAATFNACThyroid glandTuberculosis

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Oncology

Background:

  • Tuberculosis (TB) is endemic in India, yet primary thyroid TB is exceptionally rare.
  • Clinical presentation of thyroid TB is often nonspecific, mimicking common thyroid pathologies like bacterial thyroiditis, thyrotoxicosis, thyroid carcinoma, and lymphoma.
  • Traditional diagnosis relied heavily on histopathology of post-operative thyroidectomy specimens.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To report a rare case of primary tuberculosis of the thyroid gland.
  • To emphasize the diagnostic challenges and the importance of high clinical suspicion.
  • To showcase the utility of rapid molecular diagnostic techniques in early diagnosis.

Main Methods:

  • A case presentation of primary thyroid TB.
  • Initial misdiagnosis as a deep neck space abscess.
  • Diagnostic confirmation using cartridge-based nucleic acid amplification test (CBNAAT) on fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) samples.

Main Results:

  • The patient, initially suspected to have a deep neck space abscess, was diagnosed with primary thyroid TB.
  • CBNAAT provided a rapid and accurate diagnosis from FNAC material.
  • This facilitated timely initiation of anti-TB treatment.

Conclusions:

  • Primary thyroid tuberculosis is a rare differential diagnosis in patients with thyroid lesions, especially in endemic areas.
  • Early suspicion and utilization of advanced molecular diagnostics like CBNAAT are crucial for timely diagnosis and management.
  • FNAC with CBNAAT offers a less invasive and faster alternative to traditional histopathology for diagnosing thyroid TB.