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Retrovirus Life Cycles

Retrovirus Life Cycles

Retroviruses have a single-stranded RNA genome that undergoes a special form of replication. Once the retrovirus has entered the host cell, an enzyme called reverse transcriptase synthesizes double-stranded DNA from the retroviral RNA genome. This DNA copy of the genome is then integrated into the host’s genome inside the nucleus via an enzyme called integrase. Consequently, the retroviral genome is transcribed into RNA whenever the host’s genome is transcribed, allowing the...

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Updated: May 23, 2025

Oral Combinational Antiretroviral Treatment in HIV-1 Infected Humanized Mice

Oral Combinational Antiretroviral Treatment in HIV-1 Infected Humanized Mice

Published on: October 6, 2022

HIV controllers: hope for a functional cure.

Zhuoya Deng^1,2, Hongxia Yan^1,2, Olivier Lambotte³

¹Beijing Key Laboratory for HIV/AIDS Research, Clinical and Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.

Frontiers in Immunology

|March 12, 2025

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Elite controllers and post-treatment controllers show distinct yet overlapping mechanisms for HIV suppression. Understanding these differences is key to developing strategies for a functional HIV cure.

Keywords:

HIV controllers HIV reservoirs functional cure genetic polymorphisms immune response

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Last Updated: May 23, 2025

Oral Combinational Antiretroviral Treatment in HIV-1 Infected Humanized Mice

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Published on: October 6, 2022

Interview: HIV-1 Proviral DNA Excision Using an Evolved Recombinase

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Rapid Screening of HIV Reverse Transcriptase and Integrase Inhibitors

Rapid Screening of HIV Reverse Transcriptase and Integrase Inhibitors

Published on: April 9, 2014

Area of Science:

Immunology
Genetics
Virology
HIV Research

Background:

Elite controllers (ECs) and post-treatment controllers (PTCs) are crucial models for functional HIV cure research.
ECs achieve viral control without antiretroviral therapy (ART), while PTCs achieve suppression after ART discontinuation.

Purpose of the Study:

To compare the immunological, genetic, and virological mechanisms of HIV suppression in ECs and PTCs.
To identify shared and unique factors contributing to sustained viral control in these cohorts.
To inform the development of novel therapeutic strategies for achieving a functional HIV cure.

Main Methods:

Systematic review of immunological, genetic, and virological studies.
Comparative analysis of immune responses, host genetic factors, and HIV reservoir characteristics.
Synthesis of findings to elucidate mechanisms of HIV suppression.

Main Results:

Both ECs and PTCs utilize adaptive and innate immunity, host genetics, and reservoir characteristics for viral control.
Distinct immune responses and genetic profiles are observed between ECs and PTCs.
Differences highlight potential avenues for achieving sustained ART-free remission.

Conclusions:

Understanding the distinct and shared mechanisms in ECs and PTCs is vital for advancing functional HIV cure strategies.
Insights can guide the development of immune-based therapies and genome editing approaches.
Further research into these controller phenotypes may accelerate the path to a functional cure for HIV-1.