Palliative Care in End-Stage Lung Disease

The prevalence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is increasing, and the condition is associated with a high mortality rate. For patients with COPD, the reality of a life-limiting illness causing severe breathlessness is often daunting. Unlike cancer, the progression of COPD is less predictable, making its prognosis challenging for clinicians. Patients with COPD in the intensive care unit (ICU) present a unique set of challenges characterized by persistent respiratory distress, dependence on ventilator support, and complex medical needs. Therefore, palliative care is vital for ICU patients with COPD, as it offers a compassionate, patient-centered approach that emphasizes symptom relief, quality of life, and alignment of care with patient values. However, palliative care for these patients is extremely difficult in Korea. Discussion of end-of-life care for non-cancer patients is particularly difficult in Korean society. One reason for this is that hospice palliative care is perceived as termination of treatment by the public. Additionally, because Korean society has a Confucian cultural background, people are usually reluctant to discuss death. Moreover, lack of attention among medical professionals is another key factor that makes implementing palliative care difficult for patients with end-stage COPD. This review aimed to explore ways to provide a meaningful and dignified life for patients with COPD in the ICU by administering palliative care.