Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning: An Updated Systematic Review of Their Role in Obstetrics and Midwifery

Artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) are rapidly evolving technologies with significant implications in obstetrics and midwifery. This systematic review aims to evaluate the latest advancements in AI and ML applications in obstetrics and midwifery. A search was conducted in three electronic databases (PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science) for studies published between January 1, 2022, and February 20, 2025, using keywords related to AI, ML, obstetrics, and midwifery. The review adhered to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines for updated systematic reviews. Studies were selected based on their focus on AI/ML applications in obstetrics and midwifery, while non-English publications and review studies were excluded. The review included 64 studies, highlighting significant advancements in AI and ML applications across various domains in obstetrics and midwifery. Findings indicate that AI and ML models and systems achieved high accuracy in areas, such as assisted reproduction, diagnosis (e.g., 3D/4D ultrasound and MRI), pregnancy risk assessment (e.g., preeclampsia, gestational diabetes, preterm birth), fetal monitoring, mode of birth, and perinatal outcomes (e.g., mortality rates, postpartum hemorrhage, hypertensive disorders, neonatal respiratory distress). AI and ML have significant potential in transforming obstetric and midwifery care. The great number of studies reporting significant improvements suggests that the widespread adoption of AI and ML in these fields is imminent. Interdisciplinary collaboration between clinicians, data scientists, and policymakers will be crucial in shaping the future of maternal and neonatal healthcare.