Predictors and barriers for biosecurity uptake and risk understanding among Ontario horse owners

This study aimed to describe implementation of biosecurity practices by Ontario horse owners and investigate whether biosecurity implementation was associated with horse-owner demographic characteristics and personality traits.

A cross-sectional questionnaire was administered to a convenience sample of horse owners in Ontario to collect data on demographics, personality traits, risk comprehension, and biosecurity practices. Hierarchical cluster analysis was used to identify clusters of participants with shared personality traits, and univariable associations between clusters and demographic and biosecurity variables were examined.

A total of 271 participants were included in the analysis. Participants were primarily female (86%), from 25 to 44 y old (57%), and engaged in leisure riding (64%). Facility-level biosecurity plans were reported to be in place by 59% of participants, with 47% indicating that vaccinations were required within those plans. Other biosecurity practices were reported to be used less often by participants; for example, boot washing (31%) and disinfecting hands (27%). Two clusters of participants were identified according to similarities in personality traits: Cluster 1, which was characterized by high extraversion scores; and Cluster 2, which was characterized by high neuroticism scores. Cluster 1 participants were more involved in competitions, sought information from other horse owners, and received disease outbreak news from veterinarians. Cluster 2 participants exhibited higher variability in biosecurity practices implemented.

Biosecurity is variably implemented on Ontario equine facilities, which warrants the need for ongoing efforts to increase uptake at high-risk facilities. Recommendations include fostering collaboration, providing tailored support and resources, and improving communication channels.

Demographic, personality, and other lifestyle traits influence horse owners' biosecurity behaviors. Equine veterinarians may benefit from considering these factors to ensure effective communication and implementation of biosecurity plans at equine facilities.