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[Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)].

Stanislas Pol1

  • 1AP-HP. Centre Université Paris Centre, Groupe hospitalier Cochin Port Royal, Département médical universitaire de Cancérologie et spécialités médico-chirurgicales, Service des maladies du foie, Paris, France; Université Paris Cité, F-75006, Paris, France.

Medecine Tropicale Et Sante Internationale
|March 12, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a major global cancer, increasing due to viral infections and metabolic dysfunction. Early diagnosis and surveillance of cirrhosis are crucial for effective treatment of this liver cancer.

Keywords:
CirrhosisHepatitis B VirusHepatitis C Virus/MASHIntroductionHepatocellular Carcinoma

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Area of Science:

  • Hepatology
  • Oncology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common primary liver cancer, ranking as the 6th leading cause of cancer worldwide and 3rd for cancer-related death.
  • HCC incidence varies globally, with higher rates in regions with prevalent hepatotropic viruses and mycotoxin exposure, and it frequently complicates cirrhosis.
  • Increasing HCC prevalence is linked to persistent hepatitis B (HBV) and C (HCV) infections, and the rise of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (MASH) associated with metabolic dysfunction.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize the epidemiology, risk factors, and current treatment landscape of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).
  • To highlight the importance of surveillance for cirrhosis patients to enable early diagnosis of HCC.
  • To underscore the impact of viral hepatitis and metabolic diseases on HCC incidence.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and synthesis of epidemiological data on primary liver cancers, focusing on HCC.
  • Analysis of factors contributing to the increasing prevalence of HCC, including viral infections and metabolic syndrome.
  • Overview of diagnostic criteria and therapeutic advancements for HCC.

Main Results:

  • HCC accounts for 75-85% of primary liver cancers and is strongly associated with cirrhosis (over 90% of cases).
  • Risk factors include chronic HBV/HCV infections, alcohol abuse, MASH, and exposure to mycotoxins.
  • Significant progress in curative (transplantation, surgery) and palliative treatments (chemoembolization, targeted therapy, immunotherapy) exists, contingent on early diagnosis.

Conclusions:

  • Regular surveillance of cirrhosis patients is essential for early HCC detection, improving therapeutic outcomes.
  • Addressing viral hepatitis and metabolic-related liver disease is critical for reducing the global burden of HCC.
  • Advances in treatment offer more options, but early diagnosis remains paramount for managing HCC effectively.