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Related Concept Videos

Genomics02:02

Genomics

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Genomics is the science of genomes: it is the study of all the genetic material of an organism. In humans, the genome consists of information carried in 23 pairs of chromosomes in the nucleus, as well as mitochondrial DNA. In genomics, both coding and non-coding DNA is sequenced and analyzed. Genomics allows a better understanding of all living things, their evolution, and their diversity. It has a myriad of uses: for example, to build phylogenetic trees, to improve productivity and...
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Evolutionary Relationships through Genome Comparisons02:54

Evolutionary Relationships through Genome Comparisons

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Genome comparison is one of the excellent ways to interpret the evolutionary relationships between organisms. The basic principle of genome comparison is that if two species share a common feature, it is likely encoded by the DNA sequence conserved between both species. The advent of genome sequencing technologies in the late 20th century enabled scientists to understand the concept of conservation of domains between species and helped them to deduce evolutionary relationships across diverse...
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What is Population Genetics?01:25

What is Population Genetics?

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A population is composed of members of the same species that simultaneously live and interact in the same area. When individuals in a population breed, they pass down their genes to their offspring. Many of these genes are polymorphic, meaning that they occur in multiple variants. Such variations of a gene are referred to as alleles. The collective set of all the alleles within a population is known as the gene pool.
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Gene Evolution - Fast or Slow?02:05

Gene Evolution - Fast or Slow?

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The genomes of eukaryotes are punctuated by long stretches of sequence which do not code for proteins or RNAs. Although some of these regions do contain crucial regulatory sequences, the vast majority of this DNA serves no known function. Typically, these regions of the genome are the ones in which the fastest change, in evolutionary terms, is observed, because there is typically little to no selection pressure acting on these regions to preserve their sequences.
In contrast, regions which code...
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Genome-wide Association Studies-GWAS01:11

Genome-wide Association Studies-GWAS

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Genome-wide association studies or GWAS are used to identify whether common SNPs are associated with certain diseases. Suppose specific SNPs are more frequently observed in individuals with a particular disease than those without the disease. In that case, those SNPs are said to be associated with the disease. Chi-square analysis is performed to check the probability of the allele likely to be associated with the disease.
GWAS does not require the identification of the target gene involved in...
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Genome Annotation and Assembly03:36

Genome Annotation and Assembly

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The genome refers to all of the genetic material in an organism. It can range from a few million base pairs in microbial cells to several billion base pairs in many eukaryotic organisms. Genome assembly refers to the process of taking the DNA sequencing data and putting it all back together in a correct order to create a close representation of the original genome. This is followed by the identification of functional elements on the newly assembled genome, a process called genome annotation.
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Updated: May 22, 2025

Heuristic Mining of Hierarchical Genotypes and Accessory Genome Loci in Bacterial Populations
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Computational Genomics and Its Applications to Anthropological Questions.

Kelsey E Witt1, Fernando A Villanea2

  • 1Department of Genetics and Biochemistry and Center for Human Genetics, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, USA.

American Journal of Biological Anthropology
|March 12, 2025
PubMed
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Genomic data and computational tools are revolutionizing anthropology. This review empowers researchers by explaining computational genomics methods for understanding human evolutionary history.

Keywords:
computational genomicsgenetic anthropologypopulation genetics

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Area of Science:

  • Genomics
  • Computational Biology
  • Anthropology

Background:

  • Affordable genome sequencing has led to a surge in human genomic data, including ancient genomes.
  • New computational tools are essential for analyzing this data to understand population histories.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review computational genomics methods for anthropological research.
  • To make these powerful tools more accessible to anthropologists with less computational expertise.

Main Methods:

  • Likelihood and Bayesian inference methods
  • Machine learning techniques
  • Population simulation

Main Results:

  • Computational genomics offers powerful insights into demographic and evolutionary histories.
  • Examples of applications in anthropology are provided.

Conclusions:

  • Computational genomics is a vital tool for modern anthropological research.
  • This review aims to facilitate the adoption of these methods by anthropologists.