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Related Concept Videos

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iPS Cell Differentiation

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The ability of induced pluripotent stem cells or iPSCs to differentiate into most body cell types has stimulated repair and regenerative medicine research over the past few decades. iPSC-derived blood cells, hepatocytes, beta islet cells, cardiomyocytes, neurons, and other cell types can repair injuries or regenerate damaged tissue in diseases such as diabetes and neurodegenerative disorders.
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Stem Cell Culture01:17

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Stem cell research aims to find ways to use stem cells to regenerate and repair cellular damage. Over time, most adult cells undergo the wear and tear of aging and lose their ability to divide and repair themselves. Stem cells do not display a particular morphology or function. Adult stem cells, which exist as a small subset of cells in most tissues, keep dividing and can differentiate into a number of specialized cells generally formed by that tissue. These cells enable the body to renew and...
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Neurogenesis and Regeneration of Nervous Tissue01:15

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In the CNS, neurogenesis, the birth of new neurons from stem cells, is limited to the hippocampus in adults. In other regions of the brain and spinal cord, neurogenesis is almost non-existent due to inhibitory influences from neuroglia, especially oligodendrocytes, and the absence of growth-stimulating cues. The myelin produced by oligodendrocytes in the CNS inhibits neuronal regeneration. Furthermore, astrocytes proliferate rapidly after neuronal damage, forming scar tissue that physically...
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The stem cell niche is the dynamic microenvironment where stem cells reside. Inside these niches, the cells may remain undifferentiated, undergo high self-renewal, or become lineage-specific progenitors. Stem cells coexist with other niche cells, such as stromal cells. They also interact closely with the ECM. Cell-cell and cell-matrix communication occur via adhesion molecules or soluble factors that signal the stem cells and determine their fate. Stromal cells also provide survival signals to...
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Aging01:26

Aging

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Aging is a complex biological phenomenon influenced by various processes that affect cellular and systemic functions. Several prominent theories attempt to explain its mechanisms, highlighting cellular limitations, oxidative damage, and hormonal changes as central factors in aging.
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Multipotency of Hematopoietic Stem Cells01:19

Multipotency of Hematopoietic Stem Cells

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The hematopoietic stem cells or HSCs are multipotent, meaning they can differentiate and give rise to all blood and immune cells. HSCs are maintained in the quiescent stage until an external stimulus initiates their differentiation. The multipotent HSCs exist as two heterogeneous populations, long-term repopulating cells (LTRC) and short-term repopulating cells (STRC). The two HSC populations have different surface markers or receptors and are classified based on quiescence and long-term...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 22, 2025

Cell Sorting of Neural Stem and Progenitor Cells from the Adult Mouse Subventricular Zone and Live-imaging of their Cell Cycle Dynamics
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Age-Related Neurodegenerative Diseases: A Stem Cell's Perspective.

Belén Calvo1, Pierre Schembri-Wismayer2, María Beatriz Durán-Alonso3

  • 1Faculty of Health Sciences, Catholic University of Ávila, 05005 Ávila, Spain.

Cells
|March 12, 2025
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Summary

Neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's and Parkinson's lack cures and early diagnostic markers. Complex human stem cell models are advancing understanding of disease mechanisms and drug development for these conditions.

Keywords:
cell modelsneural stem cellsneurodegenerative disordersneurogenesispluripotent stem cellsstem-cell-based therapy

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cell Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Neurodegenerative diseases are heterogeneous disorders marked by neuronal loss and functional decline.
  • Age is a primary risk factor, leading to increased incidence in developed nations.
  • Current treatments are limited, with a lack of early diagnostic markers and understanding of disease progression.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the potential of human stem-cell-based models in understanding neurodegenerative diseases.
  • To identify novel molecular targets and therapeutic strategies.
  • To develop platforms for drug screening and testing.

Main Methods:

  • Development and utilization of complex human stem-cell-based models.
  • Investigation of altered adult neurogenesis in disease pathogenesis.
  • Analysis of the secretome and cellular plasticity for therapeutic applications.

Main Results:

  • Stem cell models are illuminating molecular alterations contributing to neurodegeneration.
  • These models facilitate the identification of new clinical targets.
  • They provide a platform for screening potential therapeutic drugs.

Conclusions:

  • Human stem cell models are crucial for advancing research into neurodegenerative diseases.
  • These models offer promise for developing new diagnostics and treatments.
  • Exploring stem cell secretomes and plasticity may lead to novel therapeutic approaches, including cell replacement and combinatorial therapies.