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Autophagy and Programmed Cell Death Modalities Interplay in HIV Pathogenesis
Harpreet Kaur Lamsira1, Andrea Sabatini2, Serena Ciolfi2
1Departmental Faculty of Medicine, Saint Camillus International University of Health Sciences, 00131 Rome, Italy.
Cells
|March 12, 2025
Summary
Autophagy and programmed cell death pathways are key to understanding human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) pathogenesis. Targeting these cellular processes may offer new strategies against HIV infection and immune dysfunction.
Area of Science:
- Cellular Biology
- Virology
- Immunology
Background:
- Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) remains a global health concern, with millions affected and new infections rising post-COVID-19.
- Understanding cellular mechanisms like autophagy and programmed cell death is vital for developing effective HIV therapies.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the complex interplay between autophagy and programmed cell death (apoptosis, necroptosis, pyroptosis, ferroptosis) in HIV pathogenesis.
- To highlight molecular mechanisms, roles in viral persistence, immune dysfunction, and therapeutic potential.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of studies on autophagy, programmed cell death, and HIV.
- Analysis of molecular pathways and host-virus interactions.
Main Results:
- Autophagy has a dual role in HIV infection, affecting viral replication and immune responses.
- Programmed cell death, particularly apoptosis, contributes to CD4+ T cell depletion and HIV/AIDS progression.
- These pathways are implicated in viral persistence and immune dysfunction.
Conclusions:
- The interplay between autophagy and programmed cell death is central to HIV pathogenesis.
- Targeting these cellular pathways offers potential for novel therapeutic strategies against HIV.
- Addressing viral reservoirs and drug resistance remains critical for managing HIV.
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