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An In Situ Characterisation Method for 3-D Electrospun Foams.

Kyriakos Almpanidis1, Chloe J Howard1, Vlad Stolojan1

  • 1Advanced Technology Institute, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, UK.

Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland)
|March 12, 2025
PubMed
Summary

A new in situ characterization method for electrospun foams uses grounding voltage signals to quickly evaluate fibre diameter and porosity. This fast method accurately identifies optimal foam formation, replacing time-consuming post-fabrication analyses.

Keywords:
Taguchi space designelectrospinningevaluation parametersfoam formationfoam qualitysignal processing

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science and Engineering
  • Nanotechnology
  • Polymer Science

Background:

  • Three-dimensional electrospun foams are increasingly utilized across various applications.
  • Traditional characterization methods for fibre diameter and porosity are time-consuming.
  • There is a need for rapid, in situ evaluation techniques for electrospun foams.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate a fast, in situ characterization method for electrospun foams.
  • To correlate in situ signal features with traditional post-fabrication evaluation parameters.
  • To identify optimal electrospinning conditions for polystyrene foams.

Main Methods:

  • An in situ characterization method based on grounding voltage signal features was developed.
  • The L9 Taguchi method was employed to minimize the number of experimental runs.
  • In situ (Sr) and post-fabrication (Qr) evaluation parameters were compared.

Main Results:

  • The in situ method accurately identified the same optimal electrospinning conditions as post-fabrication analysis (adjusted R² = 0.84).
  • Optimal polystyrene foam formation was found at 15%wv (run 3) and 20%wv (run 5) solution concentrations.
  • Low standard deviations in optimal and near-optimal runs demonstrated the method's repeatability.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed in situ method provides a rapid and accurate alternative to time-consuming post-fabrication characterization.
  • The method is based on a theoretical understanding of electrospun jet behavior using a Maxwellian equivalent circuit.
  • This technique serves as a foundational step for developing AI-driven tools for predicting optimal electrospun foam formation.