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High-Level and Low-Level Awareness01:19

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Controlled processes in human consciousness represent high-alert mental states where individuals deliberately focus their attention on achieving specific goals. Controlled processes can be seen in situations like mastering new technology, where a person might become so absorbed that they ignore surrounding distractions. Such processes involve selective attention, requiring one to concentrate on particular elements of experience while disregarding others. These are governed by executive...
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Reaction Time as a Proxy for Presence in Mixed Reality with Distraction.

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    Distractions in mixed reality (MR) impact user experience. Incongruent distractions increase cognitive load, slow reaction times, and cause more breaks in presence (BIP), with immersion mediating these effects.

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    Area of Science:

    • Human-Computer Interaction
    • Virtual Reality Studies
    • Cognitive Psychology

    Background:

    • Distractions in mixed reality (MR) environments affect user experience, including presence, reaction time, cognitive load, and breaks in presence (BIP).
    • Previous research has examined these factors individually, but their interrelationships within MR, where real and virtual stimuli coexist, are less understood.
    • A theoretical model is needed to explain how different types of distractions influence these combined user experience metrics.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the impact of congruent and incongruent distractions on user experience in mixed reality.
    • To explore the relationships between presence, reaction time, cognitive load, and breaks in presence (BIP) under varying distraction conditions.
    • To present a theoretical model explaining these effects in MR environments.

    Main Methods:

    • A within-subject study was conducted with 54 participants performing image-sorting tasks.
    • Participants were exposed to different conditions of congruent and incongruent distractions within a mixed reality environment.
    • Key metrics including presence, reaction time, cognitive load, and frequency of breaks in presence (BIP) were measured.

    Main Results:

    • Incongruent distractions significantly increased cognitive load compared to congruent distractions.
    • Reaction times were slower and the frequency of breaks in presence (BIP) was elevated under incongruent distraction conditions.
    • Presence was found to mediate the relationship between distraction types and the observed effects on cognitive load, reaction time, and BIP.

    Conclusions:

    • Incongruent distractions pose a greater challenge to user experience in mixed reality, detrimentally affecting cognitive load, reaction time, and immersion.
    • The findings support the proposed theoretical model, highlighting the mediating role of presence in understanding distraction effects in MR.
    • Future research should consider these mediating factors for designing more robust and immersive mixed reality experiences.