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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 22, 2025

Long-term Video Tracking of Cohoused Aquatic Animals: A Case Study of the Daily Locomotor Activity of the Norway Lobster Nephrops norvegicus

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Extant life detection using label-free video microscopy in analog aquatic environments.

Carl D Snyder¹, Manuel Bedrossian², Casey Barr³

¹Department of Physics, Portland State University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America.

|March 12, 2025

Summary

Microbial active motion and other traits serve as biosignatures, detectable via in situ microscopy in extreme environments. Stimulating cells and optimizing data processing are key for future space missions.

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Area of Science:

Astrobiology
Microbiology
Geochemistry

Background:

Microbial life detection in extreme environments is crucial for astrobiology.
In situ characterization of microbial biosignatures is challenging.
Previous imaging efforts have not explored diverse extreme field sites.

Purpose of the Study:

Investigate microbial active motion, morphology, and optical properties as biosignatures.
Assess the utility of in situ video microscopy for life detection in extreme environments.
Evaluate methods for stimulating microbial activity and processing data for space missions.

Main Methods:

In situ video microscopy was employed across diverse extreme field sites.
Samples included seawater, sea ice brines, cryopeg brines, hypersaline pools, hyperalkaline springs, and cave ice.
An autonomous, open-source software package was used for data classification.

Main Results:

Active microbial motion was observed in most samples without treatment, and in cryopeg brines with a temperature gradient.
Motility increased significantly with stimuli like warming and L-serine addition; chemotaxis and thermotaxis were observed.
Non-motile cells were distinguishable from minerals by passive motion, optical properties, and morphology.

Conclusions:

Volumetric light microscopy is a valuable tool for in situ life detection.
Stimulating cells in situ and developing space-mission-compatible data processing are important.
Future missions require instruments for capturing cell-like objects for chemical analysis.