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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 22, 2025

Exploring the Effects of Atmospheric Forcings on Evaporation: Experimental Integration of the Atmospheric Boundary Layer and Shallow Subsurface

Exploring the Effects of Atmospheric Forcings on Evaporation: Experimental Integration of the Atmospheric Boundary Layer and Shallow Subsurface

Published on: June 8, 2015

Confronting Earth System Model trends with observations.

Isla R Simpson¹, Tiffany A Shaw², Paulo Ceppi³

¹National Science Foundation National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO, USA.

Science Advances

|March 12, 2025

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Climate models are increasingly able to represent historical climate change trends observed globally. This review details methods for comparing model predictions with real-world data to understand climate change impacts.

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Last Updated: May 22, 2025

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Published on: June 8, 2015

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Area of Science:

Climate Science
Earth System Science
Environmental Modeling

Background:

Anthropogenic climate change signals are becoming detectable in observational data.
Climate or Earth System Models (ESMs) have long projected future climate scenarios.
Societal impacts of climate change are escalating.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the current capabilities of climate models in representing historical climate trends.
To outline rigorous methodologies for comparing modeled and observed climate trends.
To explore advanced techniques for identifying and resolving discrepancies between models and observations.

Main Methods:

Analysis of historical climate data and model outputs.
Development and application of robust comparison procedures for trends.
Investigation of cutting-edge methods for discrepancy analysis.

Main Results:

Climate models demonstrate growing skill in capturing observed historical climate trends.
Established procedures facilitate reliable comparison of modeled and observed trends.
Advanced methods are emerging for pinpointing sources of model-observation discrepancies.

Conclusions:

The climate science community is well-positioned to confront model-simulated trends with observational records.
Moving beyond quantification to understanding the drivers of discrepancies is crucial.
Future confrontations between models and observations are vital for advancing climate science and prediction.