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Related Concept Videos

Immunological Memory01:23

Immunological Memory

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Immunological memory, a pivotal pillar of the adaptive immune system, is responsible for the body's ability to remember and respond more swiftly and effectively to previously encountered pathogens. This remarkable feature is what makes vaccines so effective in preventing diseases.
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Immunological memory is an integral function of the immune system that allows it to recognize and react more rapidly and effectively to pathogens previously encountered. This feature...
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The adaptive immune response, a sophisticated defense mechanism, relies on the activation and differentiation of B lymphocytes, or B cells. These processes enable our bodies to mount a tailored response against specific pathogens such as bacteria, free virus particles, toxins, and parasites.
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Cells of the Adaptive Immune Response01:23

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The T and B lymphocytes of the adaptive immune system develop from common lymphoid progenitor cells in the bone marrow. These progenitors give rise to precursors that eventually develop into both T and B lymphocytes. As these precursors mature, they gain the ability to detect and respond to foreign antigens in the body, a process known as immunocompetence. Additionally, these precursors acquire self-tolerance, a process that ensures they do not react to self-antigens. This intricate system...
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T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection01:22

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T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
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T Cell Types and Functions01:24

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When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
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Updated: May 22, 2025

In Vitro Differentiation Model of Human Normal Memory B Cells to Long-lived Plasma Cells
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EZH2 coordinates memory B-cell programming and recall responses.

Keenan J Wiggins1, Mark E Williams1, Sakeenah L Hicks1

  • 1Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States.

Journal of Immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950)
|March 12, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The histone methyltransferase EZH2 is crucial for memory B-cell (MBC) differentiation and function. Loss of EZH2 impairs the development of effective antibody responses following influenza infection.

Keywords:
EZH2H3K27me3epigeneticmemory B cell

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Epigenetics
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Memory B-cells (MBC) are vital for robust humoral immunity but the epigenetic regulators of their differentiation remain unclear.
  • Understanding these regulators is key to enhancing adaptive immune responses.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of histone H3 lysine 27 methyltransferase EZH2 in memory B-cell formation and function after influenza infection in mice.
  • To identify EZH2-dependent epigenetic programs governing MBC differentiation.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a mouse model (Mus musculus) with EZH2 deletion in B-cells.
  • Analyzed B-cell populations, including MBC and antibody-secreting cells (ASC), via flow cytometry and single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq).
  • Assessed immune responses following influenza infection and lethal challenge.

Main Results:

  • EZH2 is expressed in activated B-cell subsets, with highest levels in germinal center (GC) B cells.
  • EZH2 deletion skewed MBC differentiation towards an IgM+ subset lacking key markers (CCR6, CD73) and impaired secondary ASC and GC formation.
  • scRNA-seq revealed EZH2-regulated gene expression programs in MBCs, despite evidence of selective pressure to maintain EZH2 activity.

Conclusions:

  • EZH2 is a critical epigenetic modulator essential for normal MBC differentiation and the development of effective secondary antibody responses.
  • EZH2 activity is required for maintaining the functional potential of MBCs during reactivation and adaptive immunity.