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Intraoperative urethrocystoscopy reduces operating time and may improve urolith detection during open cystotomy in

Martin Litviakov, Joshua Winter, Matteo Rossanese

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    Summary

    Intraoperative urethrocystoscopy is a safe and effective alternative to postoperative imaging for confirming urolith removal in male dogs after cystotomy. This method reduces anesthesia time and the risk of retained stones.

    Keywords:
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    Area of Science:

    • Veterinary Urology
    • Surgical Procedures in Animals

    Background:

    • Urolithiasis is a common condition in male dogs requiring surgical intervention.
    • Assessing complete urolith removal after cystotomy is crucial to prevent complications.
    • Current methods include postoperative imaging, which can be time-consuming and may miss residual uroliths.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To compare intraoperative urethrocystoscopy with postoperative contrast urethrocystography.
    • To evaluate the efficacy of intraoperative urethrocystoscopy for assessing complete urolith removal in male dogs undergoing open cystotomy.

    Main Methods:

    • A retrospective matched case-control study of 54 male dogs with urolithiasis.
    • 18 dogs underwent intraoperative urethrocystoscopy (case group).
    • 36 dogs underwent postoperative contrast urethrocystography (control group).

    Main Results:

    • Both methods confirmed complete urolith removal in all dogs initially.
    • One control dog experienced urethral obstruction due to a missed retained urolith.
    • Intraoperative urethrocystoscopy was significantly faster (median 5.5 min vs. 25 min).
    • Intraoperative urethrocystoscopy identified a residual urethral urolith, avoiding further surgery.

    Conclusions:

    • Intraoperative urethrocystoscopy is a safe, efficient, and reliable technique for confirming complete urolith removal.
    • It reduces anesthesia time and the need for additional procedures.
    • It offers enhanced visualization of the urinary tract compared to postoperative imaging.