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Deep learning based estimation of heart surface potentials.

Tiantian Wang1, Joël M H Karel1, Niels Osnabrugge1

  • 1Department of Advanced Computing Sciences, Maastricht University, The Netherlands.

Artificial Intelligence in Medicine
|March 12, 2025
PubMed
Summary

This study introduces a deep learning framework for noninvasive electrocardiographic imaging (ECGI) that estimates heart surface potentials from body surface potentials alone. The AI model achieves performance comparable to traditional methods, without requiring complex imaging, enabling wider clinical use.

Keywords:
Deep learningElectrocardiographic imagingInverse problem

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Area of Science:

  • Computational electrophysiology
  • Medical imaging
  • Artificial intelligence in healthcare

Background:

  • Electrocardiographic imaging (ECGI) traditionally estimates heart potentials from body surface potentials using complex geometric data, limiting clinical application.
  • Current ECGI methods require detailed torso and heart geometry from imaging (e.g., CT/MRI), complicating workflow and increasing costs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a deep learning framework for estimating heart surface potentials (HSPMs) directly from body surface potentials (BSPMs), eliminating the need for anatomical imaging.
  • To enable wider and more cost-effective clinical application of ECGI.

Main Methods:

  • A deep learning framework utilizing a Pix2Pix network adapted for 2.5D data (2D BSPMs and HSPMs with temporal information).
  • Transformation of 3D torso and heart geometries into standardized 2D representations to handle diverse patient anatomies.
  • A novel loss function incorporating cosine similarity and input-specific weighting for improved accuracy.

Main Results:

  • The model achieved high accuracy in estimating HSPMs, with a mean absolute error (MAE) of 0.012 ± 0.011 and a structural similarity index measure (SSIM) of 0.984 ± 0.026.
  • Electrograms (EGMs) derived from the model showed strong correlation (Pearson correlation coefficient PCC = 0.643 ± 0.352) and low MAE (0.004 ± 0.004).
  • Estimated activation and recovery times demonstrated clinical relevance, with mean absolute differences of 6.05 ± 5.19 ms and 18.77 ± 17.30 ms, respectively.

Conclusions:

  • The deep learning framework accurately estimates heart surface potentials and related clinical metrics from body surface potentials alone, comparable to standard ECGI.
  • The model's ability to integrate spatial and temporal information without anatomical imaging facilitates broader clinical adoption.
  • Potential applications include cost-effective patient screening and post-operative follow-up in cardiology.