Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Heart Sounds

Heart Sounds

Heart sounds are generated by the turbulence in blood flow due to the closing of heart valves. These sounds are best perceived slightly away from the valves, where the blood flow disseminates the sound.
Auscultation is the process of listening to these internal body sounds using a stethoscope. The heart produces four types of sounds, but only two—S1 and S2—can usually be heard with a stethoscope.
S1, also known as the "lub" sound, is caused by the closure of atrioventricular (A-V)...

Heart Valves

Heart Valves

The human heart is a complex organ with an intricate system of valves that regulate blood flow. There are two main types of valves: atrioventricular (AV) valves and semilunar valves.
The AV valves prevent the backflow of blood from the ventricles to the atria during ventricular contraction. These valves function with the assistance of the chordae tendineae and papillary muscles. When the ventricles are relaxed, the chordae tendineae are slack, allowing blood to flow from the atria into the...

Chambers of the Heart

Chambers of the Heart

The human heart is a complex organ made up of four chambers: the right and left atria and the right and left ventricles. These internal chambers are separated by partitions known as the interatrial and interventricular septa. The exterior of the heart features a groove known as the coronary sulcus that demarcates the atria from the ventricles, while the anterior and posterior interventricular sulci distinguish between the two ventricles.
Deoxygenated blood from the body is received in the right...

Overview of the Heart

Overview of the Heart

The heart, a muscular organ located in the chest, functions as the body's pump, circulating blood through the vascular system. It has four chambers: two atria on top and two ventricles below. The right atrium receives deoxygenated blood from the body and passes it to the right ventricle, which pumps it to the lungs for oxygenation. The left atrium receives oxygenated blood from the lungs and transfers it to the left ventricle, which pumps it to the rest of the body.
The heart's...

Anatomy of the Heart

Anatomy of the Heart

The human heart is made up of three layers of tissue that are surrounded by the pericardium, a membrane that protects and confines the heart. The outermost layer, closest to the pericardium, is the epicardium. The pericardial cavity separates the pericardium from the epicardium. Beneath the epicardium is the myocardium, the middle layer, and the endocardium, the innermost layer. There are four chambers of the heart: the right atrium, the right ventricle, the left atrium, and the left ventricle.

Development of the Heart

Development of the Heart

The development of the human heart, a crucial organ, commences from the mesoderm on the 18th or 19th day after fertilization. This process initiates in the cardiogenic area, a group of mesodermal cells at the embryo's head end, which evolves into elongated strands known as cardiogenic cords. These cords undergo a transformation to form hollow-centered endocardial tubes.
As the embryo undergoes lateral folding, these paired tubes approach each other, merging into a single primitive heart...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Long-term outcome of combined liver-kidney transplantation: a single-center experience in China.

Hepato-gastroenterology·2008

Same author

Dolichol biosynthesis and its effects on the unfolded protein response and abiotic stress resistance in Arabidopsis.

The Plant cell·2008

Same author

In vitro interaction of terbinafine with itraconazole and amphotericin B against fungi causing chromoblastomycosis in China.

Medical mycology·2008

Same author

Regulation of autoinducer 2 production and luxS expression in a pathogenic Edwardsiella tarda strain.

Microbiology (Reading, England)·2008

Same author

Ischemic postconditioning inhibits apoptosis after focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury in the rat.

Stroke·2008

Same author

Liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma: Hangzhou experiences.

Transplantation·2008

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 22, 2025

Local Field Fluorescence Microscopy: Imaging Cellular Signals in Intact Hearts

Local Field Fluorescence Microscopy: Imaging Cellular Signals in Intact Hearts

Published on: March 8, 2017

SPeak to the heart.

Min Zhang¹, Zhen Zhang²

¹Pediatric Translational Medicine Institute and Pediatric Congenital Heart Disease Institute, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, China.

|March 12, 2025

Summary

A newly discovered heart-brain-spleen axis regulates cardiac remodeling during stress. This pathway involves spleen-derived placental growth factor activating cardiac macrophages, crucial for adaptive responses to pressure overload.

More Related Videos

Dissection Techniques and Histological Sampling of the Heart in Large Animal Models for Cardiovascular Diseases

Dissection Techniques and Histological Sampling of the Heart in Large Animal Models for Cardiovascular Diseases

Published on: June 16, 2022

3D Whole-heart Myocardial Tissue Analysis

3D Whole-heart Myocardial Tissue Analysis

Published on: April 12, 2017

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 22, 2025

Local Field Fluorescence Microscopy: Imaging Cellular Signals in Intact Hearts

Local Field Fluorescence Microscopy: Imaging Cellular Signals in Intact Hearts

Published on: March 8, 2017

Dissection Techniques and Histological Sampling of the Heart in Large Animal Models for Cardiovascular Diseases

Dissection Techniques and Histological Sampling of the Heart in Large Animal Models for Cardiovascular Diseases

Published on: June 16, 2022

3D Whole-heart Myocardial Tissue Analysis

3D Whole-heart Myocardial Tissue Analysis

Published on: April 12, 2017

Area of Science:

Cardiovascular biology
Neuroimmunology
Cardiac remodeling

Background:

Neuroimmune regulation plays a key role in cardiovascular stress responses.
Understanding the communication pathways between organs during cardiac injury is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

To delineate a novel neuroimmune axis involved in cardiac adaptation.
To identify the mechanism by which the spleen influences cardiac remodeling under pressure overload.

Main Methods:

Investigated the interplay between the heart, brain, and spleen.
Utilized models of cardiac pressure overload.
Examined the role of spleen-derived factors and cardiac macrophages.

Main Results:

Identified a functional heart-brain-spleen axis.
Discovered that spleen-derived placental growth factor (PlGF) activates cardiac macrophages.
Demonstrated that this "SPEAK" mechanism (spleen-derived PlGF efflux activates cardiac macrophages) mediates adaptive cardiac remodeling.

Conclusions:

The heart-brain-spleen axis is critical for adaptive cardiac remodeling.
Spleen-derived PlGF acting on cardiac macrophages is a key mediator of this response.
This axis represents a potential therapeutic target for cardiovascular stress and injury.