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Area of Science:

  • Medical Physics
  • Radiation Oncology
  • Radiotherapy Delivery

Background:

  • FLASH radiotherapy (FLASH-RT) shows promise for sparing normal tissues.
  • Clinical applications of FLASH-RT are expected to utilize the Bragg peak of proton beams.
  • Achieving ultra-high dose rates required for the FLASH effect at the Bragg peak is challenging due to beam characteristics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize the dose rate delivery of proton beams at the Bragg peak for FLASH-RT.
  • To evaluate the performance of a plastic scintillation detector for measuring dose rates in proton beams.
  • To assess the feasibility of achieving the FLASH effect at the Bragg peak.

Main Methods:

  • A plastic scintillation detector was calibrated against an ionization chamber for time and dose linearity.
  • Percent depth dose measurements were performed using a 250 MeV proton beam in solid water.
  • Instantaneous and voxel-averaged dose rates were measured at various depths for conventional and ultra-high dose rate beams.

Main Results:

  • The plastic scintillation detector demonstrated linear response with time (±2.5 ms) and absorbed dose (±2%).
  • Measurements agreed well with ionization chamber data up to 34 cm depth, with expected quenching beyond.
  • Dose rates decreased near the Bragg peak due to proton spot widening, impacting the ability to achieve ultra-high dose rates.

Conclusions:

  • A plastic scintillation detector is a useful tool for evaluating dose rate characteristics in pencil-beam scanning proton therapy.
  • A significant loss of dose rate occurs near the Bragg peak, potentially limiting the clinical application of the FLASH effect.
  • Preclinical investigations are essential to determine if the FLASH effect is maintained at the Bragg peak before clinical translation.