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Related Concept Videos

Skin Cancer01:30

Skin Cancer

3.0K
Skin cancer is a type of cancer that occurs when there is an abnormal growth of skin cells, usually triggered by damage to the DNA within the skin cells. It is primarily caused by exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun or artificial sources like tanning beds. Skin cancer is the most common type of cancer worldwide, and its incidence continues to rise.
Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC): BCC is the most common type of skin cancer, accounting for about 80% of cases. It typically develops in...
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M-Cdk Drives Transition Into Mitosis02:15

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Checkpoints throughout the cell cycle serve as safeguards and gatekeepers, allowing the cell cycle to progress in favorable conditions and slow or halt it in problematic ones. This regulation is known as the cell cycle control system.
Cyclin-dependent kinases, or Cdks, work in concert with cyclins to control cell cycle transitions. M-Cdk, a complex of Cdk1 bound to M cyclin, is a well-known example of this coordinated control that drives the transition from the G2 to the M phase.
M cyclin...
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Metastasis02:30

Metastasis

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Metastasis is the spread of cancer cells from the original site to distant locations in the body. Cancer cells can spread via blood vessels (hematogenous) as well as lymph vessels in the body.
Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition
The epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition or EMT is a developmental process commonly observed in wound healing, embryogenesis, and cancer metastasis. EMT is induced by transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) or receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) ligands, which further...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 22, 2025

Merkel Cell Polyomavirus Infection and Detection
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[Merkel cell carcinoma: An update].

Louise Toumelin1, Thibault Kervarrec2, Laurent Mortier3

  • 1Dermatologie, CHU de Tours, Tours, France.

Bulletin Du Cancer
|March 12, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC), a rare aggressive skin cancer, is increasingly diagnosed. While PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors improve advanced cases, treatment resistance necessitates exploring novel immunotherapies.

Keywords:
Cancer cutanéCarcinome à cellules de MerkelClinical practice guidelineImmunotherapyImmunothérapieMerkel cell carcinomaMerkel cell polyomavirusPolyomavirus de MerkelPratique cliniqueRecommandation thérapeutiqueSkin cancerTreatment recommendation

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Dermatology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is a rare, aggressive skin cancer predominantly affecting the elderly, with rising incidence.
  • MCC pathogenesis involves Merkel polyomavirus (80%) or UV-induced mutations (20%).
  • Limited therapeutic options exist for advanced-stage MCC, highlighting an unmet clinical need.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current management guidelines for Merkel cell carcinoma.
  • To summarize recent scientific advances in MCC treatment strategies.
  • To discuss emerging immunotherapeutic approaches for refractory MCC.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current clinical guidelines for MCC management.
  • Synthesis of recent scientific literature on MCC pathogenesis and treatment.
  • Analysis of emerging therapeutic strategies, including immunotherapy.

Main Results:

  • Localized MCC management involves surgery and radiotherapy to prevent recurrence.
  • PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors are first-line therapy for advanced MCC, improving prognosis.
  • Over 50% of patients exhibit primary or secondary resistance to PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors, necessitating alternative treatments.

Conclusions:

  • Current MCC treatment guidelines emphasize surgery and radiotherapy for localized disease.
  • Advanced MCC treatment has been revolutionized by PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors, but resistance remains a challenge.
  • Dual immunotherapy and neoadjuvant/adjuvant immunotherapy strategies are under investigation for refractory MCC.