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A visual COD sensor based on the magnetically oriented graphite flake-enhanced photoelectrochromic effect.

Bin Feng1, Hongze Yang1, Yanmei Zhang1

  • 1School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 210009, China.

Mikrochimica Acta
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Summary

A novel visual sensor quantifies chemical oxygen demand (COD) using Prussian blue electrochromism and a TiO₂/g-C₃N₄ photocatalyst. This method offers a sensitive, reusable, and visually interpretable approach for water quality monitoring.

Keywords:
CODGraphite flakesMagnetical alignmentPhotoelectrochromicPrussian blueVisual sensor

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Materials Science
  • Analytical Chemistry

Background:

  • Chemical oxygen demand (COD) is a critical water quality parameter.
  • Existing COD detection methods can be time-consuming and complex.
  • Development of rapid, visual, and sensitive COD sensors is needed.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a visual sensor for quantifying chemical oxygen demand (COD).
  • To enhance sensor performance using a TiO₂/g-C₃N₄ heterojunction photocatalyst and vertically aligned graphite flakes.
  • To enable visual quantification of COD through color change analysis.

Main Methods:

  • Electrodeposition of Prussian blue (PB) on ITO conductive glass.
  • Vertical alignment and immobilization of graphite flakes under a magnetic field.
  • In situ integration of TiO₂/g-C₃N₄ heterojunction photocatalyst.
  • Visual quantification using RGB values and total color difference analysis.

Main Results:

  • The sensor achieved a wide detection range of 3.2-320 mg/L for COD.
  • Enhanced electron transport and light-capture efficiency due to vertically aligned graphite flakes.
  • High sensitivity with a low COD detection limit.
  • Sensor regeneration within 1 hour and no interference from chloride ions.
  • Good practical applicability with ~10% relative standard deviation and relative error.

Conclusions:

  • The developed visual COD sensor demonstrates high sensitivity, a broad measurement range, and excellent reusability.
  • The integration of Prussian blue, graphite flakes, and TiO₂/g-C₃N₄ heterojunction is effective for visual COD sensing.
  • This sensor offers a promising alternative for on-site and rapid water quality monitoring.