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Risk factors associated with drug-facilitated sexual assault (DFSA) compared with non-DFSA - a systematic review
Marina Rasmussen1, Johannes Rødbro Busch2, Mikkel Jon Henningsen3
1Department of Forensic Medicine, Section of Forensic Pathology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark. marina.rasmussen@sund.ku.dk.
Forensic Science, Medicine, and Pathology
|March 13, 2025
Summary
This review of clinically examined drug-facilitated sexual assault (DFSA) victims found sparse data on covariates. Establishing a consensus definition for DFSA is crucial for aiding victims and improving research.
Area of Science:
- Forensic Science
- Public Health
- Criminology
Background:
- Criminological and interpersonal covariates differ between drug-facilitated sexual assault (DFSA) and general sexual assault.
- Existing data are primarily from retrospective, survey-only studies without acute clinical examination.
- This highlights a gap in understanding DFSA victims examined clinically.
Purpose of the Study:
- To systematically review the literature on clinically examined DFSA victims.
- To identify associated interpersonal and criminological covariates in these victims.
- To assess the available evidence on DFSA beyond general sexual assault.
Main Methods:
- Systematic review of PubMed/Medline and Embase databases.
- Inclusion criteria: studies on DFSA, interpersonal/criminological covariates, victims >15 years, clinically examined within 7 days.
- Data extraction by two independent reviewers; meta-analysis not feasible due to varied DFSA definitions.
Main Results:
- 31 studies included, totaling 14,727 observations.
- DFSA data often reported as secondary outcomes or epidemiological data.
- Most frequently reported covariates: age, sex, and injuries.
Conclusions:
- Published data on clinically examined DFSA victims are sparse and vary significantly.
- Lack of a consensus definition for DFSA impedes research and victim support.
- Further research is needed to understand DFSA victim experiences and barriers to help-seeking.
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