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Foot and ankle angioleiomyoma: a systematic review
Michaël J Matos1, Sérgio Soares2, Joseph M Schwab2
1Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, HFR Hôpital Cantonal de Fribourg, Chem. des Pensionnats 2/6, Villars-sur-Glâne, 1752, Switzerland. michael_joao@yahoo.com.
Angioleiomyoma, a benign smooth muscle tumor, commonly affects the foot and ankle. This review synthesizes data to guide orthopaedic surgeons in diagnosing and managing this rare condition, emphasizing surgical excision for optimal outcomes.
Area of Science:
- Orthopaedic Surgery
- Oncology
- Dermatopathology
Background:
- Angioleiomyoma is a benign smooth muscle tumor frequently observed in the foot and ankle.
- Existing data is limited, often from small case series, necessitating a comprehensive review.
Purpose of the Study:
- To systematically review and synthesize current data on the diagnosis and management of foot and ankle angioleiomyoma.
- To provide orthopaedic surgeons with an updated overview for improved patient care.
Main Methods:
- Systematic review adhering to PRISMA guidelines.
- Inclusion of 62 relevant studies.
- Analysis of patient demographics, clinical characteristics, diagnostic workup, treatment, and outcomes.
Main Results:
- Angioleiomyoma predominantly affects middle-aged women, with pain as the most frequent symptom.
- Diagnosis is frequently delayed due to rarity and nonspecific presentation.
- Imaging modalities include plain radiographs, MRI, and ultrasound; surgical excision is the primary treatment with low recurrence and malignant transformation rates.
Conclusions:
- Angioleiomyoma should be considered in the differential diagnosis of foot and ankle tumors.
- Comprehensive diagnostic workup is crucial for accurate diagnosis and appropriate management.
- Surgical excision offers favorable outcomes with low recurrence rates.
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