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Unmixed Diet Versus Total Mixed Ration in Beef Cattle Fed High-Concentrate Diets: Effects on Methane Emissions,

Amira Arbaoui1, Gonzalo Gonzalo2, Alejandro Belanche1

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Total mixed ration (TMR) did not improve beef cattle performance or reduce methane emissions compared to separate feeding. TMR feeding, however, increased the risk of rumen acidosis in feedlot cattle.

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Area of Science:

  • Animal Science
  • Ruminant Nutrition
  • Agricultural Engineering

Background:

  • Feeding strategies impact beef cattle performance and enteric methane emissions.
  • Total mixed ration (TMR) is a common feeding method, but its effects on high-concentrate diets need further evaluation.
  • Understanding rumen fermentation is crucial for optimizing cattle diets and mitigating environmental impact.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the effects of total mixed ration (TMR) versus separate concentrate and forage feeding on beef cattle performance.
  • To assess the impact of TMR on rumen fermentation characteristics, including methane production.
  • To evaluate the risk of subacute ruminal acidosis associated with TMR feeding in beef cattle.

Main Methods:

  • Eighteen rumen-fistulated beef calves were fed either TMR or concentrate with pelleted barley straw separately (CS).
  • Productive performance (average daily gain, intake, carcass traits) and rumen parameters (pH, microbial populations, gas production) were measured.
  • Digestibility was assessed using indigestible acid-insoluble ash as a marker.

Main Results:

  • No significant differences were observed between TMR and CS treatments in final live weight, average daily gain, carcass dressing percentage, feed intake, or digestibility.
  • Methane and carbon dioxide production, as well as rumen microbial populations, were not significantly affected by the feeding strategy.
  • Animals fed TMR exhibited a significantly lower rumen pH (5.58) compared to those fed CS (5.87), indicating an increased risk of acidosis.

Conclusions:

  • Total mixed ration (TMR) is not a suitable strategy for reducing methane production or preventing rumen acidosis in feedlot cattle on high-concentrate diets.
  • Separate feeding of concentrate and forage may be preferable for mitigating acidosis risk.
  • Further research could explore alternative TMR formulations or feeding management practices to address acidosis concerns.