Intestinal Microbiota Dysbiosis Role and Bacterial Translocation as a Factor for Septic Risk.

Area of Science:

• Microbiology
• Immunology
• Gastroenterology

Background:

• The human immune system and gut microbiota (IM) exhibit a symbiotic relationship, crucial for host health.
• Microbial transfer from mother to newborn initiates the IM, which comprises complex polymicrobial communities interacting with diet and immunity.
• Intestinal microbiota dysbiosis is influenced by local and extra-intestinal factors, including inflammation, infections, and septic states.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review current knowledge on mechanisms driving intestinal microbiota dysbiosis.
• To explore how dysbiosis contributes to bacterial translocation and associated risks of infection or sepsis.
• To understand the reciprocal influence between the host immune system and the gut microbial community.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of existing research on gut microbiota, immune system interactions, and dysbiosis.
• Analysis of studies investigating the mechanisms of bacterial translocation.
• Synthesis of information on the role of inflammation in microbial pathogenesis and sepsis.

Main Results:

• Dysbiosis can be triggered by various factors, leading to immune responses like inflammation.
• Changes in the host immune system can alter gut microbial composition and promote bacterial translocation.
• Local intestinal inflammation is a significant factor in the proliferation of pathogenic microorganisms, particularly in sepsis.

Conclusions:

• Understanding the mechanisms linking gut microbiota dysbiosis, bacterial translocation, and sepsis is critical for managing infections.
• Further research is needed to elucidate the intricate interplay between the immune system and the gut microbiome.
• Targeting dysbiosis may offer therapeutic strategies to prevent or treat sepsis and related complications.