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Bitter Taste Receptors 38 and 46 Regulate Intestinal Peristalsis.
Lara Camillo1, Federica Pollastro2, Maria Talmon2
1Department of Health Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy.
International Journal of Molecular Sciences
|March 13, 2025
Summary
Bitter taste receptors (TAS2Rs) in the gut trigger rapid cell contraction by increasing calcium. This finding suggests TAS2Rs
Area of Science:
- Gastroenterology
- Molecular Biology
- Physiology
Background:
- Bitter taste receptors (TAS2Rs) are found in the gut, but their function there is unclear.
- TAS2Rs are involved in extraoral functions and a whole-body chemosensory system.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the role of TAS2R38 and TAS2R46 in human intestinal smooth muscle cells (HISMCs).
- To determine the effects of specific bitter ligands on HISMCs.
Main Methods:
- Activation of TAS2R38 with phenylthiocarbamide (PTC) and TAS2R46 with absinthin in HISMCs.
- Measurement of membrane potential and intracellular calcium levels.
- Assessment of cell contraction.
Main Results:
- Activation of TAS2R38 and TAS2R46 led to rapid membrane depolarization.
- Increased cytosolic calcium levels were observed, mediated by the IP3 pathway.
- Accelerated HISMC contraction occurred upon receptor activation.
Conclusions:
- TAS2R activation directly impacts intestinal smooth muscle cell contraction.
- These findings suggest TAS2Rs are involved in regulating gut peristalsis.
- TAS2R subtypes represent potential therapeutic targets for gastrointestinal disorders.
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