Glycemic Control and Implant Stability in Patients with Type II Diabetes: Narrative Review

Advancements in implant design, surface characteristics, and surgical protocols have made implant restorations safe and highly predictable procedures. Bone metabolism plays a central role in the success of implant therapy. Diabetes mellitus is a significant disease impacting bone metabolism, particularly during the initial stages of osseointegration and in long-term survival. Moreover, aging is linked to various systemic conditions, such as diabetes, which increase the susceptibility of the periodontium and teeth to disease, often resulting in tooth loss. Studies on the impact of glycemic control on the success and longevity of implant-prosthetic rehabilitation in diabetic patients highlight a significant association between hyperglycemia and complications in implant therapy. This review identified 18 relevant publications through Medline, and studies were screened against the aim and objectives of the review. A total of five articles were excluded because of lack of focus on the effect of glycemic control on dental implants. Diabetic patients with poorly controlled blood glucose levels may face a heightened risk of developing implant complications. Effective glycemic control plays a critical role in the long-term success of dental implants in these individuals. Marginal bone loss (MBL) is a critical indicator of implant health and success. Clinical studies generally show greater MBL in diabetic patients compared to non-diabetic individuals. Furthermore, controlled type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has been associated with significantly better maintenance.