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Related Concept Videos

NMR Spectrometers: Overview01:20

NMR Spectrometers: Overview

NMR spectrometers consist of a strong magnet, a radiofrequency transmitter, and a detector attached to a computer console for recording spectra of samples containing NMR-active nuclei. In first-generation NMR instruments called continuous-wave spectrometers, the resonance frequencies of the nuclei are determined by frequency-sweep or field-sweep methods. The magnetic field strength is fixed and the rf signal is swept in the former, while the radiofrequency signal is fixed and the magnetic field...
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Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy is a very valuable analytical technique for researchers. It has been used for more than 50 years as an analytical tool. F. Bloch and E. Purcell formulated NMR in 1946 and won the 1952 Nobel Prize in Physics  for their work. Biological macromolecules such as proteins, nucleic acids, lipids, and organic molecules including pharmaceutical compounds, can be studied using this versatile tool that exploits the magnetic properties of certain nuclei.
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Multipurpose X-Ray Stage and Its Application for In Situ Poling Studies.

Antonio Iacomini1, Davide Sanna2, Marzia Mureddu2

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Summary

A new 3D-printable X-ray stage allows in situ measurements of piezoelectric ceramics under electric fields and temperature changes. This device aids in optimizing material performance for advanced applications.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Crystallography
  • Experimental Physics

Background:

  • In situ characterization of materials under external stimuli is crucial for understanding their properties.
  • Piezoelectric ceramics like barium titanate (BT) and barium calcium zirconate titanate (BC8TZ5) require precise control during structural analysis.
  • Existing experimental setups may lack the flexibility for combined electric field and temperature-dependent X-ray diffraction studies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate a 3D-printable, ARDUINO-based multipurpose X-ray stage.
  • To enable in situ measurements of lattice characteristics and microstructure evolution under applied electric fields and varying temperatures.
  • To demonstrate the device's utility for optimizing piezoelectric ceramic performance.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of a compact, 3D-printable X-ray stage controlled by ARDUINO.
  • Integration of electric field and temperature control capabilities.
  • Performance testing using high-performance X-ray laboratory equipment and synchrotron radiation.

Main Results:

  • The developed X-ray stage successfully facilitated in situ measurements of piezoelectric ceramics (BaTiO3 and BC8TZ5).
  • Lattice characteristics and microstructure evolution were monitored as a function of applied electric field and temperature.
  • The device demonstrated its capability for studying poling effects in piezoceramics.

Conclusions:

  • The 3D-printable, ARDUINO-based X-ray stage is a versatile tool for in situ structural characterization.
  • The device provides valuable insights for the optimization of piezoelectric ceramic properties.
  • It is suitable for routine use with laboratory X-ray equipment and synchrotron diffraction lines.