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Exploring Selenium-Functionalized Hydroxyapatite Using Organic Selenocystine for Antitumor Applications.

Alessandra Barbanente1, Anna Maria Di Cosola1, Lorenzo Degli Esposti2

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Summary

Hydroxyapatite nanoparticles successfully incorporated selenocystine (SeCys), forming nanocomposites with elemental selenium. These HASeCys showed promising anticancer activity against cancer cell lines.

Keywords:
hydroxyapatitenanomedicinenanoparticlesseleniumselenocystine

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Nanotechnology
  • Cancer Therapeutics

Background:

  • Selenium (Se) is an essential micronutrient with anticancer potential, particularly organic forms like selenocystine (SeCys).
  • SeCys demonstrates selective toxicity to cancer cells and enhances chemotherapy, but faces stability and solubility issues.
  • Functionalized nanomaterials offer a promising strategy to overcome SeCys limitations for clinical applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the incorporation of SeCys with hydroxyapatite nanoparticles (HASeCys) using various synthesis methods.
  • To form nanocomposites with elemental selenium and evaluate their anticancer activity.
  • To optimize SeCys delivery using nanomaterial functionalization.

Main Methods:

  • Hydroxyapatite nanoparticles (HA) were functionalized with SeCys via adsorption, co-precipitation, and thermal decomplexing co-precipitation.
  • Nanocomposite formation and elemental selenium yield were analyzed, with synthesis parameters influencing Se allotrope formation.
  • Preliminary in vitro testing of HASeCys on various cancer cell lines.

Main Results:

  • The thermal decomplexing co-precipitation method yielded the highest elemental selenium content.
  • Hydroxyapatite nanocrystals functionalized with both crystalline gray and amorphous red selenium exhibited notable anticancer activity.
  • Successful formation of HASeCys nanocomposites with potential therapeutic benefits.

Conclusions:

  • Functionalized hydroxyapatite nanoparticles provide a viable platform for SeCys delivery.
  • HASeCys nanocomposites demonstrate preliminary anticancer efficacy, warranting further investigation.
  • Synthesis optimization is crucial for controlling Se allotrope formation and maximizing therapeutic potential.