Dynamic Changes in Physicochemical Properties and Microbial Diversity During the Fermentation of Mao-Tofu

Mao-tofu is famous for its unique flavour and texture in Anhui Province, China. The physicochemical properties and microbial diversity of Mao-tofu during different fermentation periods were studied. The pH of the tofu was acidic, the moisture gradually decreased, and the hardness, viscosity, and chewiness gradually increased, while the elasticity gradually decreased. Among these, changes in volatiles and synergistic effects of proteins, peptides, and free amino acids (FAAs) affect the flavour of Mao-tofu. Histamine had the highest concentration among all biogenic amine (BA) during the whole fermentation process. A microbial community analysis showed that Lactobacillus and Trichosporon were the most important strains throughout the fermentation process. Bacterial abundance and diversity also showed a gradual increase, while fungal abundance and diversity showed a gradual decrease. A comprehensive analysis of the physicochemical changes associated with microbial succession can help to gain insights into the maturation process of texture and flavour during the production of Mao-tofu.