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Applications of GIS: Disaster Management and Emergency Response01:29

Applications of GIS: Disaster Management and Emergency Response

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Geographic Information System (GIS) technology is essential for risk identification, action prioritization, and resource optimization in critical situations like flooding and earthquakes. By integrating spatial and demographic data, GIS provides a comprehensive framework for emergency response.GIS integrates data layers, like rainfall intensity, topography, elevation profiles, and river levels, to model high-risk flood zones. These layers assess areas susceptible to flooding based on their...
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Selected Data About Geographic Locations01:25

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Geographic Information Systems (GIS) rely on two core types of data: spatial data and attribute data.Spatial DataSpatial data defines the physical location of features within a coordinate system, typically expressed in terms of latitude and longitude. It provides precise positioning for elements like roads, rivers, or buildings.Attribute DataAttribute data complements spatial data by adding descriptive information about these features. For example, a road's spatial data includes its start and...
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Geographic Information Systems (GIS) are tools for storing, analyzing, and displaying spatial data alongside related attributes. Unlike traditional information systems that address general queries, GIS incorporates spatial components, enabling users to answer "where" and "how far." For example, GIS can process housing data linked to geographic locations like zip codes, allowing insights into population density or housing distribution through thematic maps.GIS integrates technologies such as...
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Levels of Use of a GIS01:29

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Geographic Information Systems (GIS) operate across three levels of application, each representing an increasing degree of complexity: data management, analysis, and prediction. These levels reflect the expanding functionality and versatility of GIS technology in handling spatial data for diverse purposes.Data ManagementAt its foundational level, GIS serves as a tool for data management, enabling the input, storage, retrieval, and organization of spatial data. This level is often employed in...
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Manipulation and Analysis01:21

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GIS manipulation and analysis functions are vital for decision-making and planning. These activities range from data retrieval tasks, such as selecting information based on specific criteria, to advanced analytical techniques that address complex spatial problems.One critical GIS analysis method is overlaying, which combines multiple data layers to examine impacts. For example, overlaying a river-dammed lake boundary with road networks can identify affected infrastructure. Another common...
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GIS Software, Hardware, and Sources of GIS Data01:23

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A Geographic Information System (GIS) combines specialized software and hardware to effectively manage, analyze, and present spatial and related data. GIS software includes critical functionalities such as a user interface for easy navigation, database management tools for handling spatial and attribute data, and data retrieval features for efficient access. Analytical tools transform raw data into insights, while display functions produce maps and reports in various formats for effective...
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Developing and Testing a User-Focused, Web GIS-Based Food Asset Map for an Under-Resourced Community in Northeastern

Xiran Chen1, Manije Darooghegi Mofrad1, Sydney Clements2

  • 1Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA.

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Summary

A new interactive map helps under-resourced communities find healthy food by showing locations and transportation. While useful, digital literacy and food security impact usability, requiring further support for vulnerable populations.

Keywords:
GISasset mapdigital food and nutrition literacyfood securitylow-incomeusability test

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Area of Science:

  • Community Health
  • Geographic Information Systems (GIS)
  • Food Access

Background:

  • Under-resourced communities face significant barriers to accessing healthy, affordable food due to distribution challenges and transportation limitations.
  • Reliable transportation and awareness of available food resources are critical for improving food security in low-income areas.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and evaluate an interactive Geographic Information System (GIS)-based food asset map for a low-income community to enhance awareness and access to fresh food resources.
  • To integrate food locations, transportation routes, and eligibility for assistance into a user-friendly digital platform.

Main Methods:

  • The study employed a human-centered design (HCD) framework and the Asset-Based Community Development (ABCD) model.
  • Usability testing (n=74) involved task-based evaluations and surveys to assess navigation performance and user feedback.
  • Analysis examined the relationship between map usability and participants' food security, digital literacy, sociodemographic, diet, and health characteristics.

Main Results:

  • Food-secure participants demonstrated significantly higher usability success compared to food-insecure individuals (p < 0.05).
  • Participants who rated their diet as "very good/excellent" were most likely to pass usability testing (p < 0.05).
  • While generally easy to navigate, challenges were noted for those relying on food assistance, indicating a need for targeted support.

Conclusions:

  • The GIS-based food asset map effectively increases awareness of food resources and addresses transportation information gaps.
  • Further interventions are necessary to ensure food-insecure users can effectively leverage digital tools for food access.
  • The project contributes to broader efforts in improving food access, digital inclusion, and community engagement in underserved populations.