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Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Hyperscanning Study in Psychological Counseling
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Compassion Scale: factor structure and scale validation in Hong Kong adolescents.

Steven Sek-Yum Ngai1, Chau-Kiu Cheung2, Yuen-Hang Ng1

  • 1Department of Social Work, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.

Frontiers in Psychology
|March 13, 2025
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Summary

The 16-item Compassion Scale (CS) is validated for Hong Kong adolescents, revealing a three-factor structure. Findings support its use in cross-cultural research and compassion interventions.

Keywords:
Hong Kongadolescentscompassion toward othersfactor structurescale validation

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Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Cross-cultural psychology
  • Adolescent psychology

Background:

  • Compassion is a vital aspect of adolescent well-being.
  • Validating measurement tools is crucial for cross-cultural research.
  • The 16-item Compassion Scale (CS) requires validation in diverse populations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To validate the 16-item Compassion Scale (CS) for Hong Kong adolescents.
  • To examine the factor structure and psychometric properties of the CS in a new cultural context.
  • To assess the reliability and validity of the CS for use in cross-cultural studies.

Main Methods:

  • Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) and Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) were used to determine the CS's factor structure.
  • Convergent and discriminant validity were assessed using composite reliability (CR) and average variance extracted (AVE).
  • Concurrent validity was evaluated through partial correlations with social connectedness and self-efficacy, alongside multigroup analysis for model fit across demographics.

Main Results:

  • Factor analysis revealed a three-factor structure for the CS, combining mindfulness and kindness into 'benevolence'.
  • The scale demonstrated satisfactory model fit across various demographic subgroups (age, gender, grade, school type).
  • The CS showed significant positive correlations with social connectedness and self-efficacy, supporting its concurrent validity. Girls and younger adolescents reported higher compassion levels.

Conclusions:

  • The validated CS is a reliable and valid measure for assessing compassion in Hong Kong adolescents.
  • The findings highlight the influence of sociocultural factors on compassion expression in this population.
  • The study provides evidence-based implications for developing culturally sensitive compassion interventions.