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Analysis of single-cell and spatial transcriptomics in TNBC cell-cell interactions.

Yan Xin1, Qiji Ma2, Qiang Deng2

  • 1Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China.

Frontiers in Immunology
|March 13, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Single-cell RNA sequencing and spatial transcriptomics reveal triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) heterogeneity. These advanced omics technologies offer new insights into TNBC cellular interactions for developing targeted therapies.

Keywords:
TNBCcell-cell interactionsimmune cellssingle-cell RNA sequencingspatial transcriptome

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Genomics
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) presents high malignancy, mortality, and recurrence rates in women.
  • Current treatments like surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy show limited efficacy due to TNBC's inherent heterogeneity, leading to poor survival outcomes.
  • Advances in omics technologies are crucial for understanding TNBC's complex molecular landscape.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an overview of single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) and spatial transcriptomics (ST) technologies.
  • To highlight the applications of scRNA-seq and ST in dissecting TNBC heterogeneity.
  • To deepen the understanding of TNBC at the cellular level for identifying novel therapeutic targets.

Main Methods:

  • Review of technical characteristics of scRNA-seq and ST.
  • Analysis of how these technologies elucidate tumor heterogeneity.
  • Examination of their role in mapping cell distribution and intercellular communication within the tumor microenvironment.

Main Results:

  • scRNA-seq and ST significantly enhance the understanding of TNBC heterogeneity.
  • These methods reveal the distribution, function, and interactions of diverse cell types (tumor cells, immune cells, fibroblasts) within the TNBC microenvironment.
  • Spatial and single-cell data provide a detailed cellular-level view of TNBC.

Conclusions:

  • scRNA-seq and ST are powerful tools for exploring TNBC at an unprecedented cellular resolution.
  • Understanding cellular heterogeneity and interactions is key to overcoming treatment challenges in TNBC.
  • This knowledge facilitates the development of more effective therapeutic strategies for triple-negative breast cancer.