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Proteinuria Is Associated With an Increased Risk of Sudden Cardiac Arrest in the Young Population

Joo Hee Jeong1, Yun Gi Kim1, Kyung-Do Han2

  • 1Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine Korea University College of Medicine and Korea University Anam Hospital Seoul Republic of Korea.

Journal of the American Heart Association
|March 13, 2025
PubMed

Insights

Proteinuria, or protein in urine, significantly increases the risk of sudden cardiac arrest (SCA) in young adults. This association is even stronger in individuals with existing chronic kidney disease.

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Nephrology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Proteinuria is a known cardiovascular risk factor, but its link to sudden cardiac arrest (SCA) in young individuals is not well-established.
  • This study investigates the prognostic value of proteinuria for SCA in a young population.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the association between proteinuria and the risk of sudden cardiac arrest (SCA) in young adults.
  • To determine if proteinuria serves as an independent risk factor for SCA in this demographic.

Main Methods:

  • A large cohort of 6,891,400 individuals aged 20-39 years in South Korea underwent health screening between 2009-2012.
  • Urine protein was assessed via dipstick testing, and SCA outcomes were tracked until December 2020 using ICD-10 codes.
  • Cox proportional hazards models were employed to analyze the risk of SCA, adjusting for potential confounders.

Main Results:

  • The study identified 5,352 cases of SCA (0.08%) over a mean follow-up of 9.4 years.
  • Individuals with proteinuria exhibited a higher incidence rate of SCA compared to those without proteinuria (0.19 vs. 0.09 per person-year).
  • Proteinuria was independently associated with a 1.71-fold increased risk of SCA (aHR=1.71; 95% CI=1.47-1.99, P<0.001), with higher protein levels showing a greater risk (aHR=2.94 for +3-4).

Conclusions:

  • Proteinuria is a significant independent risk factor for sudden cardiac arrest (SCA) in young individuals.
  • The association between proteinuria and SCA risk is more pronounced in individuals with advanced chronic kidney disease (CKD stages 3-5).
Abstract

Keywords:
health screeningproteinuriasudden cardiac arresturine dipstick test

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