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Ions are atoms or molecules bearing an electrical charge. A cation (a positive ion) forms when a neutral atom loses one or more electrons from its valence shell, and an anion (a negative ion) forms when a neutral atom gains one or more electrons in its valence shell. Compounds composed of ions are called ionic compounds (or salts), and their constituent ions are held together by ionic bonds: electrostatic forces of attraction between oppositely charged cations and anions. 
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Anion-Regulated Solvation Structure and Electrode Interface toward Rechargeable Magnesium Batteries.

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A novel dual-anion electrolyte enhances rechargeable magnesium batteries (RMBs) by enabling fast Mg2+ transport and stable interphases. This breakthrough offers improved lifespan and efficiency for next-generation energy storage.

Keywords:
anodic stabilitydual-anion electrolyteelectrode interfacesrechargeable magnesium batteriessolvation structure

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry
  • Energy Storage

Background:

  • Developing efficient electrolytes is crucial for rechargeable magnesium batteries (RMBs).
  • Single-anion electrolytes often limit the necessary redox properties for fast Mg2+ transport.
  • Solid/cathode-electrolyte interphase (SEI/CEI) stability is critical for RMB performance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To engineer a chlorine-free, dual-anion electrolyte for enhanced Mg2+ transport in RMBs.
  • To investigate the role of anion-mediated solvation in stabilizing battery interphases.
  • To demonstrate improved electrochemical performance in Mg-based battery systems.

Main Methods:

  • Formulation of a dual-anion electrolyte using magnesium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide and PP14CF3SO3 in diglyme/MOEA solvent.
  • Electrochemical characterization of Mg plating/stripping, anode/cathode compatibility, and anodic stability.
  • Testing of Mg∥Mg, SS∥Mg, Mo6S8∥Mg, and PBAQ∥Mg full cells.

Main Results:

  • The dual-anion electrolyte facilitated efficient Mg plating/stripping and cathode compatibility.
  • Stabilized Mg-anode SEI and promoted C-N-rich CEI formation due to MOEA interactions.
  • Achieved extended lifespan over 2500 h in SS∥Mg cells with 98.1% average Coulombic efficiency.
  • Demonstrated excellent rate performance in Mo6S8∥Mg cells and 2.8 V operation in PBAQ∥Mg cells with ~70% capacity retention.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed dual-anion electrolyte significantly enhances RMB performance through anion-mediated solvation regulation.
  • This electrolyte design offers a promising pathway for advanced electrolyte engineering in high-performance RMBs.
  • The findings provide critical insights for developing next-generation magnesium-based energy storage devices.