Imposter Syndrome Among University Students: Impact on Levels of Stress, Anxiety, and Depression

Background: Imposter syndrome (IS) is a psychological pattern in which individuals doubt their accomplishments and talents, and then fear being exposed as frauds. Despite their evident success, these feelings may lead to an inability to internalize achievements, often resulting in increased levels of stress, anxiety, and depression. Aims: This study aimed to examine the prevalence of IS among university students in different specialties, and its association with psychological parameters of stress, anxiety, and depression. Methods: A cross-sectional, descriptive design was utilized to survey students at The University of Jordan using a convenience sampling technique. Data was collected using a self-report questionnaire consisting of demographic questions, the Clance Imposter Phenomenon Scale and the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales, Results: Of the 1120 participants, 47.5% (n = 532) had moderate feelings about IS, 34.7% (n = 389) had frequent feelings about IS, and 7% (n = 78) had intense feelings about IS. IS was reported among all groups of students, with no statistically significant differences based on gender, age, specialty, program level, or grade point average. There were significant positive relationships between depression (r = 0.585, p < 0.001), anxiety (r = 0.520, p < 0.001), and stress (r = 0.566, p < 0.001), and IS. Conclusion: Interventions addressing educators and university students to increase awareness of IS, and mitigating its consequences. Encouraging open discussions about these feelings can empower students to recognize their worth and develop healthier coping strategies, leading to improved mental health outcomes and healthier learning environment.