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High-Throughput Solid Phase Extraction for Targeted and Nontargeted Exposomics.

Yunyun Gu1,2, Max Lennart Feuerstein1,3, Benedikt Warth1,2,3

  • 1Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria.

Analytical Chemistry
|March 13, 2025
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A new solid phase extraction (SPE) method improves chemical exposome analysis in urine and plasma. This robust, scalable protocol enhances throughput for environmental contaminant detection, aiding exposome-wide association studies.

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental chemistry
  • Analytical chemistry
  • Toxicology

Background:

  • Characterizing the chemical exposome is crucial for understanding environmental health impacts.
  • Current sample pretreatment methods for exposomics present bottlenecks in analyte coverage, robustness, and throughput.
  • Advanced instrumentation like liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) requires optimized sample preparation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and optimize a robust and scalable solid phase extraction (SPE) protocol for human urine and plasma.
  • To evaluate the extraction efficiency and signal suppression/enhancement for a diverse panel of environmental and food-related contaminants.
  • To enhance the throughput of exposomic analysis for large-scale studies like exposome-wide association studies (ExWAS).

Main Methods:

  • Developed a solid phase extraction (SPE) protocol for human urine and plasma.
  • Optimized the SPE for 94 diverse environmental and food-related contaminants.
  • Utilized targeted LC-MS/MS to determine extraction recoveries (RE) and signal suppression/enhancement (SSE).
  • Transferred the method to a 96-well plate format for high-throughput analysis.
  • Compared the SPE method with protein precipitation using NIST standard reference materials.

Main Results:

  • Achieved acceptable extraction recoveries (60-140%) for over 70% of analytes.
  • Attained acceptable signal suppression/enhancement (60-140%) for 86% of analytes in urine and 90% in plasma.
  • The 96-well plate format significantly increased throughput, estimated to be ~10x faster than protein precipitation for 1000 samples.
  • The SPE protocol demonstrated promising performance for nontargeted analysis (NTA) and suspect screening.

Conclusions:

  • The developed SPE workflow is robust, scalable, and significantly improves throughput for targeted exposomics.
  • This method offers a viable option for nontargeted analysis (NTA) and suspect screening in exposomics.
  • The optimized protocol is applicable to various research fields including pharmacology, food safety, and systems toxicology.