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Related Concept Videos

Anatomy of the Heart01:27

Anatomy of the Heart

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The human heart is made up of three layers of tissue that are surrounded by the pericardium, a membrane that protects and confines the heart. The outermost layer, closest to the pericardium, is the epicardium. The pericardial cavity separates the pericardium from the epicardium. Beneath the epicardium is the myocardium, the middle layer, and the endocardium, the innermost layer. There are four chambers of the heart: the right atrium, the right ventricle, the left atrium, and the left ventricle.
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Pathophysiology of Heart Failure01:17

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Heart failure (HF) is a progressive syndrome involving ventricles that leads to inadequate cardiac output. It can be classified based on location and output or ejection fraction. Ejection fraction (EF) is an essential measurement in the diagnosis and surveillance of HF. Reduced EF corresponds to systolic heart failure (HFrEF). However, HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is becoming increasingly prevalent. Also known as diastolic HF, this form of HF is related to aging. The...
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The human heart is a complex organ with an intricate system of valves that regulate blood flow. There are two main types of valves: atrioventricular (AV) valves and semilunar valves.
The AV valves prevent the backflow of blood from the ventricles to the atria during ventricular contraction. These valves function with the assistance of the chordae tendineae and papillary muscles. When the ventricles are relaxed, the chordae tendineae are slack, allowing blood to flow from the atria into the...
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Cardiac Catheterization III: Left Heart Catheterization01:24

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Left heart catheterization is an invasive diagnostic procedure used to evaluate the function and structure of the left side of the heart. It is generally performed to diagnose and treat cardiovascular conditions such as valve abnormalities, coronary artery disease, and congenital heart defects.Diagnostic and therapeutic purposesLeft heart catheterization serves various diagnostic and therapeutic purposes, including:Assessing coronary artery bypass grafts.Evaluating coronary artery disease in...
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Heart Failure II: Pathophysiology01:29

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Systolic Heart Failure and Compensatory MechanismsSystolic heart failure (also termed HFrEF, Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction) is the most prevalent type of heart filure. It results in a decreased volume of blood being pumped from the ventricle. The aortic arch and carotid sinuses have baroreceptors that detect reduced blood pressure, triggering the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) to release epinephrine and norepinephrine. Initially, this response aims to boost heart rate and...
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Managing cardiomyopathy involves addressing underlying or precipitating causes, treating heart failure with medications, and implementing dietary changes and a balanced exercise and rest regimen.Lifestyle ModificationsCardiomyopathy patients should adopt a low-sodium diet to reduce fluid retention and manage heart failure. A personalized exercise and rest plan helps maintain physical fitness without overstraining the heart. Avoiding alcohol and tobacco is essential to prevent further damage to...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 6, 2026

Analysis of Tubular Membrane Networks in Cardiac Myocytes from Atria and Ventricles
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Analysis of Tubular Membrane Networks in Cardiac Myocytes from Atria and Ventricles

Published on: October 15, 2014

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Tunneling through cardiac jelly.

José Luis de la Pompa1,2

  • 1Intercellular Signaling in Cardiovascular Development and Disease Laboratory, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain.

Science (New York, N.Y.)
|March 13, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Muscle cell membrane projections facilitate crucial signaling pathways in the developing mouse heart. These structures are vital for cardiac development and function.

Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Biology
  • Developmental Biology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Cardiac development relies on intricate cell-to-cell communication.
  • The precise mechanisms of signaling between muscle cells in the embryonic heart are not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of membrane projections from muscle cells in cardiac development.
  • To elucidate the signaling functions of these cellular structures in the developing mouse heart.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized advanced microscopy techniques to visualize muscle cell membrane projections in embryonic mouse hearts.
  • Employed genetic and molecular biology tools to study the function of these projections.

Main Results:

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Capturing the Cardiac Injury Response of Targeted Cell Populations via Cleared Heart Three-Dimensional Imaging

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 6, 2026

Analysis of Tubular Membrane Networks in Cardiac Myocytes from Atria and Ventricles
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Analysis of Tubular Membrane Networks in Cardiac Myocytes from Atria and Ventricles

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Heterotopic Cervical Heart Transplantation in Mice
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  • Identified specialized membrane projections extending from cardiac muscle cells.
  • Demonstrated that these projections mediate intercellular signaling essential for heart development.
  • Observed alterations in cardiac morphology and function when these projections were disrupted.

    • Conclusions:

    • Muscle cell membrane projections are critical components of the signaling network in the developing heart.
    • These structures play a significant role in ensuring proper cardiac morphogenesis and function.
    • Further research into these projections could reveal new therapeutic targets for congenital heart defects.