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Related Concept Videos

Colloids and Suspensions01:17

Colloids and Suspensions

1.6K
Children at play often make suspensions such as mixtures of mud and water, flour and water, or a suspension of solid pigments in water known as tempera paint. These suspensions are heterogeneous mixtures composed of relatively large particles visible to the naked eye or seen with a magnifying glass. They are cloudy, and the suspended particles settle out after mixing. The suspended particles in a suspension settle out after some time of mixing. The separation of particles from a suspension is...
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Colloids03:22

Colloids

17.2K
Children at play often make suspensions such as mixtures of mud and water, flour and water, or a suspension of solid pigments in water known as tempera paint. These suspensions are heterogeneous mixtures composed of relatively large particles that are visible to the naked eye or can be seen with a magnifying glass. They are cloudy, and the suspended particles settle out after mixing. On the other hand, a solution is a homogeneous mixture in which no settling occurs and in which the dissolved...
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Coagulation01:06

Coagulation

256
Colloidal solids are solid particles suspended in solution. They are usually negatively charged, attracting a compact primary layer of positively charged ions, which attract more counterions to form an electrical double layer. Electrostatic repulsion between the charged double layers prevents the particles from colliding, stabilizing the colloids. These solids are often undesirable because they can contain toxins that are difficult to remove. Coagulation is a technique that helps aggregate and...
256
Colloidal precipitates01:09

Colloidal precipitates

474
The high insolubility of some precipitates can result in an unfavorable relative supersaturation. This can lead to colloidal particles with a large surface-to-mass ratio, where adsorption is promoted. For instance, in the precipitation of silver chloride, silver ions are adsorbed on the surface of the colloidal particles, forming a primary layer. This layer attracts ions of opposite charge (such as nitrate ions), forming a diffuse secondary layer of adsorbed ions. This electric double layer...
474
Recrystallization: Solid–Solution Equilibria01:10

Recrystallization: Solid–Solution Equilibria

1.0K
Recrystallization is a purification technique used to separate impurities from solid compounds. In this technique, no chemical reactions occur. Instead, it exploits physical properties only, specifically, the solubility differences between the desired compound and impurities, either at a single temperature or at different temperatures, and under other selected conditions. The solid-solution equilibrium (solubility equilibrium) of each component in the solution represents a binary phase...
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Tonicity in Animals01:16

Tonicity in Animals

2.9K
Tonicity describes the amount of solute in a solution. The measure of the tonicity of a solution, or the total amount of solutes dissolved in a specific amount of solution, is called its osmolarity. Three terms—hypotonic, isotonic, and hypertonic—are used to relate the osmolarity of a cell to the osmolarity of the extracellular fluid that contains the cells. In a hypotonic solution, such as tap water, the extracellular fluid has a lower concentration of solutes than the fluid inside...
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Fixed Volume or Fixed Pressure: A Murine Model of Hemorrhagic Shock
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Crystalloids versus Colloids: Same Controversy, New Information.

Christopher G Byers1

  • 1CriticalCareDVM, 4321 N.136th Street, Omaha, NE 68164, USA.

The Veterinary Clinics of North America. Small Animal Practice
|March 13, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Veterinary fluid therapy uses crystalloids and colloids. Adverse events linked to synthetic colloids raise concerns about their use in cats and dogs, prompting a reevaluation of fluid choices.

Keywords:
Acute kidney injuryAlbuminBalanced electrolyte solutionCoagulopathyEndothelial glycocalyxHyperchloremic metabolic acidosisImmunologic reaction

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Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Medicine
  • Critical Care
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Intravenous fluid therapy is crucial for cats and dogs, aiming to restore perfusion, prevent organ dysfunction, and maintain homeostasis.
  • Veterinarians utilize various fluid types, including crystalloids (hypertonic, hypotonic, isotonic) and colloids (synthetic, natural).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the literature on adverse events associated with synthetic and natural colloids in veterinary medicine.
  • To evaluate the safety and efficacy of different intravenous fluid options for companion animals.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies in human and veterinary medical fields.
  • Analysis of reported adverse events, including acute kidney injury, renal replacement therapy, and mortality.

Main Results:

  • Studies document adverse events linked to both synthetic and natural colloids.
  • Increased incidences of acute kidney injury and mortality have been reported in association with synthetic colloid use.

Conclusions:

  • The use of synthetic colloids in companion animals warrants careful consideration due to documented adverse events.
  • Further research may be needed to guide optimal intravenous fluid selection in veterinary critical care.