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Antibody Response to Pneumococcal, Influenza, and COVID-19 Vaccination in Patients With Multiple Myeloma
Pranjal Singh1, Charanpreet Singh2, Kamaljeet Kamaljeet3
1Department of Internal Medicine, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.
Introduction:
Vaccination for common pathogens implicated in causing respiratory illness in patients with Multiple Myeloma (MM) is now recommended by most experts. However, there is limited data regarding the effectiveness of vaccination in these patients.
Methods:
We conducted a prospective study on the efficacy of pneumococcal, influenza, and COVID-19 vaccination in patients with newly diagnosed MM treated at our center between January and June 2021.
Results:
Thirty patients completed the vaccination and were analyzed for the effectiveness of the vaccines. A significant rise in pneumococcal (2.87 U/ml vs. 0.68 U/ml; P < .001), Influenza (0.25 IU/L vs. 0.08 IU/L; P < 0.001) and COVID-19 (3.86 IU/L vs. 0.24 IU/L; P < .001) antibody titres was seen in our patients. Nineteen patients (63.3%), 16 patients (53.3%), and 16 patients (53.3%) achieved seroconversion for pneumococcus, influenza, and COVID-19 postvaccination, respectively, and exhibited a 4-fold rise in antibody titer. No serious adverse events were reported after vaccination in the cohort. During the 6-month follow-up, ten patients developed respiratory tract infections- 4 with lower respiratory tract and 6 with upper respiratory tract infections. None of the patients had infections attributable to pneumococcus, influenza, or COVID-19.
Conclusion:
Our study showed a 50% to 60% seroconversion after vaccination against 3 common respiratory pathogens in patients with newly diagnosed MM.
Insights
Vaccinations for pneumococcal, influenza, and COVID-19 demonstrate significant antibody responses in multiple myeloma patients. This study shows 50-60% seroconversion, indicating vaccine effectiveness in this vulnerable population.
Area of Science:
- Immunology
- Hematology
- Infectious Diseases
Background:
- Vaccination against common respiratory pathogens is recommended for multiple myeloma (MM) patients.
- Limited data exists on vaccine effectiveness in this immunocompromised group.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate the efficacy of pneumococcal, influenza, and COVID-19 vaccines in patients with newly diagnosed MM.
- To assess antibody response and seroconversion rates post-vaccination.
Main Methods:
- Prospective study of 30 newly diagnosed MM patients receiving pneumococcal, influenza, and COVID-19 vaccines.
- Analysis of antibody titers pre- and post-vaccination.
- Monitoring for adverse events and respiratory tract infections.
Main Results:
- Significant increases in antibody titers for pneumococcus, influenza, and COVID-19 were observed (P < .001 for all).
- Seroconversion rates ranged from 53.3% to 63.3% for the three vaccines.
- No serious adverse events were reported; no infections were attributable to the vaccinated pathogens.
Conclusions:
- Vaccination against pneumococcus, influenza, and COVID-19 induces a significant immune response in newly diagnosed MM patients.
- The study supports the use of these vaccines to enhance protection against respiratory infections in this population.
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